caa a22 4500 397521901 CHVBK 20180308164635.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161202e199509 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1093/jxb/46.9.1139 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)oxford-10.1093/jxb/46.9.1139 Responses of young trees to wind and shading: effects on root architecture [Elektronische Daten] [A. Stokes, A.H. Fitter, M.P. Courts] Two wind tunnels were designed to detect influences of wind on the development of the root systems of young trees: Picea sitchensis and Larix decidua were grown in the first and L. decidua only in the second. In the second experiment, the tap root of each L. decidua seedling was removed in order to mimic the formation of a shallow root-plate. Responses of shoot growth to wind stress were small, although uneven irradiance levels resulted in asymmetric growth of both shoots and roots; the distribution of root biomass around the tree was related spatially to that of shoot growth In both experiments there was an increase in the number of large windward and leeward roots in both species. In the first experiment, the sum of the crosssectional area (ΣCSA) of lateral root bases was greater on the windward side of the tree in both species, whereas in the second experiment, it was greatest on the leeward side. Windward woody lateral roots of P. sitchensis had a higher incidence of branching than leeward roots. Woody tips of windward roots were significantly longer with a larger diameter than on leeward roots It appears that wind action stimulates diameter growth and alters morphogenesis of those roots most important for anchorage. As a tree sways in the wind, leeward and especially windward lateral roots are placed under the most stress. Larger roots, or a greater branching density in these areas will help counteract wind stresses on the tree. © Oxford University Press RESEARCH PAPERS nationallicence Picea sitchensis nationallicence Larix decidua nationallicence root anchorage nationallicence wind tunnel nationallicence architecture nationallicence Stokes A. Department of Biology, University of York York YO15DD, UK aut Fitter A.H. Department of Biology, University of York York YO15DD, UK aut Courts M.P. The Forestry Commision, Northern Research Station Roslin, Midiothian EH25 9SY, UK aut Journal of Experimental Botany Oxford University Press 46/9(1995-09), 1139-1146 0022-0957 46:9<1139 1995 46 exbotj https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/46.9.1139 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/46.9.1139 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Stokes A. Department of Biology, University of York York YO15DD, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Fitter A.H. Department of Biology, University of York York YO15DD, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Courts M.P. The Forestry Commision, Northern Research Station Roslin, Midiothian EH25 9SY, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Experimental Botany Oxford University Press 46/9(1995-09), 1139-1146 0022-0957 46:9<1139 1995 46 exbotj Metadata rights reserved CC BY-NC-4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-oxford