caa a22 4500 397524048 CHVBK 20180308164640.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161202e199504 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a037242 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)oxford-10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a037242 Matland Richard E. University of Houston Synthesizing the Implementation Literature: The Ambiguity-Conflict Model of Policy Implementation [Elektronische Daten] [Richard E. Matland] A review of the policy implementation literature finds the field split into two major schools, top-down and bottom-up. Previous attempts to reconcile these models are described, followed by an alternative model. This model reconciles these approaches by concentrating on the theoretical significance of ambiguity and conflict for policy implementation. A number of factors crucial to the implementation process are identified as varyingly dependent on a policy's ambiguity and conflict level. Four policy implementation paradigms are identified and the relevance of the existing literature to these conditions is discussed. The four paradigms are low conflict-low ambiguity (administrative implementation), high conflict-low ambiguity (political implementation), high conflict-high ambiguity (symbolic implementation), and low conflict-high ambiguity (experimental implementation). © 1995 by The Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Inc. ARTICLES nationallicence Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory Oxford University Press 5/2(1995-04), 145-174 1053-1858 5:2<145 1995 5 jopart https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a037242 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a037242 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Matland Richard E. University of Houston NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory Oxford University Press 5/2(1995-04), 145-174 1053-1858 5:2<145 1995 5 jopart Metadata rights reserved CC BY-NC-4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-oxford