caa a22 4500 397524277 CHVBK 20180308164640.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161202e199510 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a037259 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)oxford-10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a037259 Chisholm Donald University of California, Los Angeles Problem Solving and Institutional Design [Elektronische Daten] [Donald Chisholm] The most prominent contemporary approach to institutions asserts that they result from self-interested, maximizing choice from among some array of alternative forms that biases outcomes in certain directions. But institutions such as large-scale formal organizations also are powerful instruments for solving difficult problems. From this perspective, founded in the institutionalism of the late nineteenth century and grounded in cognitive psychology and procedural rationality, choices about institutional forms are principally a function of identifying and representing problems and generating alternatives for their solution. Contemporary public policy problems are characterized by organized complexity and are largely illstructured. Consequently, the most difficult task for decision makers is to comprehend the problems they confront and, because alternatives are rarely given, to devise institutional forms that can effectively redress those problems. This article proposes and elaborates an empirically based problem-solving theory of institutions. © 1995 by The Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Inc. ARTICLES nationallicence Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory Oxford University Press 5/4(1995-10), 451-492 1053-1858 5:4<451 1995 5 jopart https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a037259 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a037259 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Chisholm Donald University of California, Los Angeles NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory Oxford University Press 5/4(1995-10), 451-492 1053-1858 5:4<451 1995 5 jopart Metadata rights reserved CC BY-NC-4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-oxford