caa a22 4500 397542631 CHVBK 20180308164730.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161202s1995 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1093/japr/4.1.100 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)oxford-10.1093/japr/4.1.100 Candling Errors (Overpull) in California Shell-Egg Processing Plants [Elektronische Daten] [S. Bokhari, D. Kuney, R. A. Ernst, D. D. Bell, G. Zeidler] Rejecting good eggs by placing them as undergrads (overpull) is a common error among candlers, costing egg processing plants in the U.S. millions of dollars annually. This study of twelve egg cartoning plants in California evaluated overpull problems and searched for possible reasons for candling errors which lead to overpull. It revealed that at a machine speed of up to 240 cases/hr, egg candlers were pulling 82.7% eggs correctly as undergrads; however, 17.3% which they pulled as undergrads were good eggs without any detectable defects. Among those eggs labeled "undergrads,” most of the common defects were cracked eggs (70.7%), dirties (6.2%), shell defects (3%), stains (1.3%), B Grade eggs (1.3%), and blood spots (0.2%). The most common reason for overpull was wire marks (42.5%), other reasons included minor shell deformities (11.9%), body checks (11.7%), floating air cells (3.2%), and unknown reasons (30.6%). The literature suggests that false identification of defects can be reduced by extensive training of egg candlers. However, when using higher speed packing equipment, automatic detection devices or additional candlers will be required to perform the basic function of reject detection and to minimize the amount of overpull. © 1995 Applied Poultry Science, Inc. Egg candling nationallicence overpull nationallicence shell-egg processing nationallicence Bokhari S. University of California, 733 County Center III Court, Modesto, CA 95355 aut Kuney D. University of California, 21150 Box Springs Road, Moreno Valley, CA 92387 aut Ernst R. A. Dept. Avian Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8532 aut Bell D. D. Dept. Avian Sciences, 142 Highlander Hall, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 aut Zeidler G. Dept. Avian Sciences, 138 Highlander Hall, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 aut Journal of Applied Poultry Research Oxford University Press 4/1(1995), 100-104 1056-6171 4:1<100 1995 4 japr https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/4.1.100 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/4.1.100 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bokhari S. University of California, 733 County Center III Court, Modesto, CA 95355 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kuney D. University of California, 21150 Box Springs Road, Moreno Valley, CA 92387 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ernst R. A. Dept. Avian Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8532 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bell D. D. Dept. Avian Sciences, 142 Highlander Hall, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zeidler G. Dept. Avian Sciences, 138 Highlander Hall, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Applied Poultry Research Oxford University Press 4/1(1995), 100-104 1056-6171 4:1<100 1995 4 japr Metadata rights reserved CC BY-NC-4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-oxford