caa a22 4500 397547129 CHVBK 20180308164741.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161202e19960501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1093/aesa/89.3.410 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)oxford-10.1093/aesa/89.3.410 Gene Flow and Diversity at Allozyme Loci in the Twospotted Lady Beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) [Elektronische Daten] [E. S. Krafsur, P. Nariboli, J. J. Obrycki] High levels of genetic variation in biological control agents are thought to be necessary to ensure their successful establishment and geographical spread. Gene diversity was studied in F2 twospotted lady beetle, Adalia bipunctata (L.), descended from specimens collected in Uzbekistan and from beetles collected in Oregon, Iowa, and Lake Michigan at Chicago, IL. Twenty-four of 39 resolved putative loci were polymorphic and the mean observed heterozygosity was 22.7 ± 4.4% at the polymorphic loci. The average expected heterozygosity was 24.7 ± 4.9% at the polymorphic loci and 15.2 ± 3.3% at all loci. The mean number of alleles at the 39 loci was 1.9 ± 1.0, and the mean effective number of alleles was 1.3 ± 0.5. These are substantial levels of diversity. Significant departures from random mating were detected within (FIS = 0.068 ± 0.042) and among (FST = 0.070 ± 0.012) the North American populations but matings were random within populations when problematic loci were excluded. Analysis of gene frequencies at 5 loci in 4 British and a French population showed the same magnitude of gene flow as the 3 North American populations. The fixation index between Iowa and Uzbekistan ladybirds was FST = 0.428 ± 0.128. Our data do not support an Old World origin for North American A. bipunctata in historical times. © 1996 Entomological Society of America Genetics nationallicence Adalia bipunctata nationallicence biocontrol nationallicence allozymes nationallicence gene diversity nationallicence Krafsur E. S. Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3222. aut Nariboli P. Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3222. aut Obrycki J. J. Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3222. aut Annals of the Entomological Society of America Oxford University Press 89/3(1996-05-01), 410-419 0013-8746 89:3<410 1996 89 aesa https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/89.3.410 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/89.3.410 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Krafsur E. S. Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3222 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Nariboli P. Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3222 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Obrycki J. J. Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3222 aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Annals of the Entomological Society of America Oxford University Press 89/3(1996-05-01), 410-419 0013-8746 89:3<410 1996 89 aesa Metadata rights reserved CC BY-NC-4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-oxford