caa a22 4500 397547293 CHVBK 20180308164741.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161202e19960501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1093/aesa/89.3.385 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)oxford-10.1093/aesa/89.3.385 Pupal Orientation and Emergence of Some Aphelinid Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) [Elektronische Daten] [Tong-Xian Liu, Philip A. Stansly] Emergences of Encarsia pergandiella Howard and E. formosa Gahan were compared; and pupal orientation of several Encarsia and Eretmocerus species were examined. The species examined for pupal orientation were E. pergandiella from southwest Florida, E. nr. pergandiella from Brazil, E. transvena (Timberlake) from Florida, E. formosa from California (Davis), E. formosa from Georgia (Griffin), E. formosa from Nile Delta, Egypt, Eretmocerus sp. from Hong Kong, Eretmocerus sp. from Padappai, India, E. mundus (Mercet) from Murcia, Spain, E. nr. californicus Howard from Arizona (Tucson), parasitoids of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring [previously B. tabaci (Gennadius)]. The majority (98%) of E. pergandiella pupae from Florida and all other Encarsia species except E. nr. pergandiella from Brazil pupated facing the host venter, regardless of leaf orientation, so that rotation was necessary before emergence. E. nr. pergandiella from Brazil, 2% of E. pergandiella from Florida, and all species of Eretmocerus pupated facing the host dorsum, so that no rotation was necessary. All E. pergandiella pupae and adults from Florida were pigmented similarly regardless of pupal orientation. Less than 1% of E. pergandiella female pupae were oriented backwards, i.e., with the head toward the host posterior, but again, these were not distinguishable characteristics of color or form. We concluded that a low incidence of unusual pupal orientations represented natural variation in the population of E. pergandiella we studied. © 1996 Entomological Society of America Arthropod Biology nationallicence Bemisia argentifolii nationallicence Bemisia tabaci nationallicence adult emergence nationallicence pupal orientation nationallicence behavior nationallicence Liu Tong-Xian Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, P.O. Drawer 5127, Immokalee, FL 33934. aut Stansly Philip A. Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, P.O. Drawer 5127, Immokalee, FL 33934. aut Annals of the Entomological Society of America Oxford University Press 89/3(1996-05-01), 385-390 0013-8746 89:3<385 1996 89 aesa https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/89.3.385 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/89.3.385 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Liu Tong-Xian Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, P.O. Drawer 5127, Immokalee, FL 33934 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Stansly Philip A. Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, P.O. Drawer 5127, Immokalee, FL 33934 aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Annals of the Entomological Society of America Oxford University Press 89/3(1996-05-01), 385-390 0013-8746 89:3<385 1996 89 aesa Metadata rights reserved CC BY-NC-4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-oxford