caa a22 4500 397550804 CHVBK 20180308164749.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161202e199606 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1006/jmsc.1996.0077 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)oxford-10.1006/jmsc.1996.0077 Contaminants in the arctic marine environment: priorities for protection [Elektronische Daten] [R. W. Macdonald, J. M. Bewers] We assess evidence for significant adverse effects on the arctic marine environment associated with global and regional releases of chemical and radioactive contaminants from human activities. The sources, mode of transport, and biological effects of persistent organic compounds, lead, cadmium, mercury, artificial radionuclides, and oil are reviewed. An outline of the physical and biogeochemical processes occurring within the Arctic Ocean is used as a basis for identifying contaminant transport, accumulation, and exposure pathways. Where significant anthropogenic impacts can be inferred or suspected, we evaluate opportunities for human intervention through the introduction of new source controls, or other restrictions, to reduce impacts. We conclude that additional controls are justified only in the cases of persistent artificial organic compounds and petroleum exploitation and transport. Artificial radionuclides pose threats that are largely nominal. Protection of the arctic environment and human health can be achieved through universal compliance with existing international standards. Threats posed by cadmium and lead from anthropogenic sources are relatively minor. Trends in the anthropogenic mobilization of mercury are not currently defined with sufficient confidence to assess the associated dangers posed to animal and human health in the Arctic. Nevertheless, the properties of mercury and its current environmental levels suggest that the Arctic is sensitive to increased anthropogenic mobilization of this metal. There is also evidence that mercury levels in the Arctic are increasing due to anthropogenic activities. Accordingly, priority should be given to determining temporal trends of mercury within the Arctic. © 1996 International council for the Exploration of the Sea Articles nationallicence Arctic Ocean nationallicence assessment nationallicence bioaccumulation nationallicence contaminants nationallicence controls nationallicence effects nationallicence marine environment nationallicence metals nationallicence pathways nationallicence pollution nationallicence polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons nationallicence organochlorines nationallicence radionuclides nationallicence regulation nationallicence risks nationallicence sources nationallicence toxicity nationallicence waste nationallicence Macdonald R. W. Institute of Ocean Sciences P.O. Box 6000, Sidney, B.C. Canada, V8L 4B2 aut Bewers J. M. Bedford Institute of Oceanography Dartmouth, N.S. Canada, B2Y 4A2 aut ICES Journal of Marine Science Oxford University Press 53/3(1996-06), 537-563 1054-3139 53:3<537 1996 53 icesjms https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1996.0077 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1996.0077 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Macdonald R. W. Institute of Ocean Sciences P.O. Box 6000, Sidney, B.C. Canada, V8L 4B2 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bewers J. M. Bedford Institute of Oceanography Dartmouth, N.S. Canada, B2Y 4A2 aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- ICES Journal of Marine Science Oxford University Press 53/3(1996-06), 537-563 1054-3139 53:3<537 1996 53 icesjms Metadata rights reserved CC BY-NC-4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-oxford