caa a22 4500 397563736 CHVBK 20180308164822.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161202e19960807xx s 000 0 eng 10.1093/jnci/88.15.1046 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)oxford-10.1093/jnci/88.15.1046 Monitoring of Aromatic Amine Exposures in Workers at a Chemical Plant With a Known Bladder Cancer Excess [Elektronische Daten] [Elizabeth M. Ward, Gabriele Sabbioni, D. Gayle DeBord, Alexander W. Teass, Kenneth K. Brown, Glenn G. Talaska, Dennis R. Roberts, Avima M. Ruder, Robert P. Streicher] Background: In April 1991, an excess of bladder cancer cases among workers employed at a chemical manufacturing facility in Niagara Falls, NY, was reported. This excess was primarily confined to 708 workers who had ever been employed in the rubber chemicals manufacturing area of the plant, where the aromatic amines aniline and o-toluidine have historically been used. Purpose: An environmental and biological monitoring survey was conducted to evaluate current exposures to aniline and o-toluidine in the rubber chemicals department. Methods: Personal air sampling for aniline and o-toluidine was conducted with the use of a modified Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 73 method. Urine samples were collected before and after work (i.e., pre-shift and post-shift, respectively) and stored at −70 °C. Base hydrolysis was used to convert acetanilide and N-acetyl-o-toluidine, metabolites of aniline and o-toluidine present in the urine, to the parent compounds. The parent compounds were extracted from the alkaline urine into butyl chloride and then back-extracted from the butyl chloride into aqueous hydrochloric acid. An aliquot of each acidic extract was subjected to ion-interaction reversed-phase liquid chromatography with coulometric electrochemical detection. Hemoglobin (Hb) was extracted from blood and stored at −70 °C. For the measurement of adducts of aniline, o-toluidine, and 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP), precipitated Hb was dissolved in 0.1 M sodium hydroxide in the presence of recovery standards, and the hydrolysate was extracted with hexane, derivatized with pentafluoropropionic anhydride, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with negative chemical ionization. Results: A total of 73 workers, including 46 of 64 exposed workers who were employed in the rubber chemicals department and had the potential for exposure to aniline and o-toluidine and 27 of 52 unexposed workers employed in other departments where aniline and o-toluidine were not used or produced, had data available for both aniline and o-toluidine and Hb adducts; 28 of the workers in the former group also had personal air-sampling data. Personal air sample measurements showed that airborne concentrations of aniline and o-toluidine were well within the limits allowed in the workplace by OSHA. Urinary aniline and o-toluidine levels, however, were substantially higher among exposed workers than among unexposed control subjects. The most striking differential was for post-shift urinary o-toluidine levels, which averaged (± standard deviation) 2.8 μg/L (±1.4 μg/L) in unexposed subjects and 98.7 μg/L (±119.4 μg/L) in exposed subjects (P =.0001). Average aniline-Hb and o-toluidine-Hb adduct levels were also significantly higher (P =.0001) among exposed workers than among unexposed control subjects. Average levels of adducts to 4-ABP, a potential contaminant of process chemicals, were not significantly different (P =.48), although three exposed workers had 4-ABP levels above the range in unexposed workers. Conclusions: The adduct data suggest that, among current workers, o-toluidine exposure substantially exceeds aniline exposure and that 4-ABP exposure, if it occurs at all, is not widespread. These data support the conclusion that occupational exposure to o-toluidine is the most likely causal agent of the bladder cancer excess observed among workers in the rubber chemicals department of the plant under study, although exposures to aniline and 4-ABP cannot be ruled out. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1996; 88: 1046-52] © Oxford University Press ARTICLES nationallicence Ward Elizabeth M. Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cincinnati, OH aut Sabbioni Gabriele Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wurzburg, Federal Republic of Germany aut DeBord D. Gayle Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cincinnati, OH aut Teass Alexander W. Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cincinnati, OH aut Brown Kenneth K. Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cincinnati, OH aut Talaska Glenn G. Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati aut Roberts Dennis R. Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cincinnati, OH aut Ruder Avima M. Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cincinnati, OH aut Streicher Robert P. Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cincinnati, OH aut JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute Oxford University Press 88/15(1996-08-07), 1046-1053 0027-8874 88:15<1046 1996 88 jnci https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/88.15.1046 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/88.15.1046 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ward Elizabeth M. Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cincinnati, OH aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sabbioni Gabriele Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wurzburg, Federal Republic of Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- DeBord D. Gayle Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cincinnati, OH aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Teass Alexander W. Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cincinnati, OH aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Brown Kenneth K. Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cincinnati, OH aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Talaska Glenn G. Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Roberts Dennis R. Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cincinnati, OH aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ruder Avima M. Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cincinnati, OH aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Streicher Robert P. Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cincinnati, OH aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute Oxford University Press 88/15(1996-08-07), 1046-1053 0027-8874 88:15<1046 1996 88 jnci Metadata rights reserved CC BY-NC-4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-oxford