caa a22 4500 397568940 CHVBK 20180308164835.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161202e199603 xx s 000 0 eng 10.3382/ps.0750329 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)oxford-10.3382/ps.0750329 Cytotoxicity in Chicken Alimentary Secretions as Measured by a Derivative of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Assay [Elektronische Daten] [J. W. ARNOLD, P. S. HOLT] The host immune response to enteric bacterial infections, including salmonellosis, results in inflammatory cells entering the intestine near the site of infection. These cells produce factors, such as cytokines, that are cytotoxic to bacteria-infected cells, resulting in loss of host cells. In this study, an assay was developed, based on the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) assay, that measured the cytotoxic activity in alimentary secretions from chickens during a Salmonella enteritidis (SE) infection. Secretions were collected by pilocarpine-induced evacuation from the alimentary tract and clarified by centrifugation. Activity was assessed by the cytotoxic effect of secretions on chicken embryo fibroblasts as target cells. Cytotoxic activity from SE-infected hens was measured at intervals during the first 24 h following infection and daily for the next 10 d. The level of activity varied between hens but was maximal in secretions obtained at 24 h and 10 d after SE infection. Maximal levels of cytotoxic activity in alimentary secretions from hens occurred in response to a dose of 5 × 108 cfu/mL of SE. The cytotoxicity in secretions from SE-exposed hens that were deprived of feed was greater than those from control SE-exposed hens by more than fivefold. © 1996 Poultry Science Association, Inc. Environment and Health nationallicence Salmonella enteritidis nationallicence chicken nationallicence cytotoxicity nationallicence tumor necrosis factor nationallicence ARNOLD J. W. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Processing and Meat Quality, Russell Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677 and aut HOLT P. S. Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605 aut Poultry Science Oxford University Press 75/3(1996-03), 329-334 0032-5791 75:3<329 1996 75 ps https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0750329 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0750329 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- ARNOLD J. W. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Processing and Meat Quality, Russell Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677 and aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- HOLT P. S. Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605 aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Poultry Science Oxford University Press 75/3(1996-03), 329-334 0032-5791 75:3<329 1996 75 ps Metadata rights reserved CC BY-NC-4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-oxford