caa a22 4500 397569769 CHVBK 20180308164838.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161202e199608 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jmicro.a023441 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)oxford-10.1093/oxfordjournals.jmicro.a023441 Ultrastructure and Morphogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus [Elektronische Daten] [Masuyo Nakai, Toshiyuki Goto] The ultrastructure and morphogenesis of human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were elucidated by observation with several techniques including immunoelectron microscopy and cryo-microscopy. The virus particle consists of an envelope, a core and matrix. The virus particles were observed extracellularly as having one of three profiles: (1) a centric or an eccentric electron-dense core, (2) rod-shaped electron-dense core, and (3) doughnut-shaped. HIV-1 particles in the hydrated state were observed by high resolution electron cryo-microscopy to be globular, and the lipid membrane was clearly resolved as a bilayer. Many projections around the circumference were seen to be knob-like. The shapes and sizes of the projections, especially head parts, were found to vary in each projection. By isolation with Nonidet P40 and glutaraldehyde, HIV-1 cores were confirmed to consist of p24 protein by immunogold labeling. When the virus enters the cell, two entry modes were found: membrane fusion and endocytosis. No structures resembling virus particles could be seen in the cytoplasm after viral entry. In HIV-1-infected cells, positive reactions by immuno-labeling suggest that HIV-1 Gag may be produced in membrane-bound structures and transported to the cell surface by cytoskeletons. Then a crescent electron-dense layer was first formed underneath the cell membrane. Finally, the virus particle was released from the cell surface. Several cell clones producing defective particles were isolated from MT-4/HIV-1 cells. Among them, doughnut-shaped or teardrop-shaped particles were seen to be produced in the extracellular space. In the doughnut-shaped particles, Gag p17 and p24 proteins faced each other against the Inner electron dense ring, suggesting that the inner ring consists of a precursor Gag protein. © 1996 Oxford University Press Review nationallicence HIV nationallicence entry nationallicence budding nationallicence immunoelectron microscopy nationallicence cryo-microscopy nationallicence Nakai Masuyo Department of Microbiology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569 Japan aut Goto Toshiyuki Department of Microbiology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569 Japan aut Microscopy Oxford University Press 45/4(1996-08), 247-257 0022-0744 45:4<247 1996 45 jmicro https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jmicro.a023441 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jmicro.a023441 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Nakai Masuyo Department of Microbiology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569 Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Goto Toshiyuki Department of Microbiology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569 Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Microscopy Oxford University Press 45/4(1996-08), 247-257 0022-0744 45:4<247 1996 45 jmicro Metadata rights reserved CC BY-NC-4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-oxford