caa a22 4500 397571224 CHVBK 20180308164842.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161202e19961001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1093/ee/25.5.1083 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)oxford-10.1093/ee/25.5.1083 Effectiveness of Larval Defenses Against Spider Predation in Cranberry Ecosystems [Elektronische Daten] [Carolyn J. Bardwell, Anne L. Averill] Two laboratory experiments, a choice test and observations of individual spiderlarva interactions, were conducted to determine how the morphological or behavioral defenses, or both, of larvae may affect spider predation success for 2 genera of spiders [Pardosa (Lycosidae), and Habronattus (Salticidae)] commonly found in Massachusetts cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton, ecosystems. Four species of pest larvae with different potential defenses were offered as prey: a spanworm, Ematurga amitaria Guenée (Lepidoptera: Geometridae); a sawfly, Pristophora idiota Norton (Hymenoptera: Tenthridinae); gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae); and a fruitworm, Sparganothis sulfureana Clemens (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). In the choice tests, E. amitaria larvae were killed significantly more often than either P. idiota or S. sulfureana larvae. No L. dispar larvae were killed in either experiment, and observations suggested that the long setae of the L. dispar larvae provided defense against spider attack. Observations revealed that behavioral and morphological crypsis was a more effective defense than thrashing and regurgitating when E. amitaria larvae were encountered by either genera of spider and also suggested the presence of a chemical defense(s) in P. idiota larvae. Construction of a retreat in cranberry foliage and W1iggling movements by S. sulfureana larvae were highly effective in deterring salticid predation. We conclude that the defensive mechanisms possessed by these larvae may effectively influence prey selection and significantly limit predation by spiders in the cranberry agroecosystem. © 1996 Entomological Society of America Population Ecology nationallicence spider predation nationallicence larval defenses nationallicence choice test nationallicence cranberry system nationallicence Bardwell Carolyn J. Department of Entomology, Fernald Hall, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 aut Averill Anne L. Department of Entomology, Fernald Hall, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 aut Environmental Entomology Oxford University Press 25/5(1996-10-01), 1083-1091 0046-225X 25:5<1083 1996 25 ee https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.5.1083 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.5.1083 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bardwell Carolyn J. Department of Entomology, Fernald Hall, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Averill Anne L. Department of Entomology, Fernald Hall, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Environmental Entomology Oxford University Press 25/5(1996-10-01), 1083-1091 0046-225X 25:5<1083 1996 25 ee Metadata rights reserved CC BY-NC-4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-oxford