caa a22 4500 397571518 CHVBK 20180308164842.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161202e19961001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1093/ee/25.5.1202 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)oxford-10.1093/ee/25.5.1202 Salinity and Pollution Effects on Survival and Infectivity of Heleidomermis magnapapula (Stichosomida: Mermithidae) for Culicoides variipennis sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) [Elektronische Daten] [Bradley A. Mullens, Katherine A. Luhring] The mermithid nematode parasite Heleidomemis magnapapula Poinar & Mullens was tested for tolerance to MgS04, NaCl, and dairy waste in water. Significant 24-h adult mortality was observed at 300—400 mM NaCI or MgS04· Preparasite mortality >24 h was significantly less in 50 mM NaCI (used as control) when compared with plain spring water, NaCl concentrations> 100 mM, or MgS04 concentrations> 10 mM. Preparasite infectivity for larvae of Culicoides variipennis sonorensis Wirth & Jones was inhibited at salinities >50 and 150 mM MgS04 and NaC!, respectively. Adult H. magnapapula survived well at manure concentrations <25%, but preparasite survival and infectivity were poor at manure concentrations > 12.5%. In general, tolerance of saline and polluted conditions was in the order adult females> adult males > preparasites. Relative to other aquatic mermithids, H. magnapapula is euryhaline, and its tolerance for salinity and manure pollution matches typical dairy wastewater pond levels where the host larvae are most abundant. Some wastewater pond habitats are too saline or polluted for the nematode to function well, and some relatively pristine C. v. sonorensis habitats, such as desert streams, might be too clean for the parasite. Intolerance of salinity probably explains the lack of the parasite in saline habitats inhabited by C. v. occidentalis. © 1996 Entomological Society of America Biological Control nationallicence Culicoides nationallicence salinity nationallicence nematode nationallicence Mullens Bradley A. Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 aut Luhring Katherine A. Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 aut Environmental Entomology Oxford University Press 25/5(1996-10-01), 1202-1208 0046-225X 25:5<1202 1996 25 ee https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.5.1202 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.5.1202 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mullens Bradley A. Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Luhring Katherine A. Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Environmental Entomology Oxford University Press 25/5(1996-10-01), 1202-1208 0046-225X 25:5<1202 1996 25 ee Metadata rights reserved CC BY-NC-4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-oxford