caa a22 4500 397571542 CHVBK 20180308164843.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161202e19961001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1093/ee/25.5.1248 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)oxford-10.1093/ee/25.5.1248 Abundance of Cardiochiles nigriceps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Nicotiana Species (Solanaceae) [Elektronische Daten] [D. Michael Jackson, S. F. Nottingham, W. S. Schlotzhauer, R. J. Horvat, V. A. Sisson, M. G. Stephenson, T. Foard, R. M. McPherson] The presence of adult Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck, a nearly obligatory parasitoid of tobacco budworm laIvae, Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), was monitored in fields with up to 117 accessions of Nicotiana species (Solanaceae) during 1985 - 1994 at Oxford, NC, Tifton, GA, and Athens, GA. Large numbers of wasps were obselVed flying over or resting on several Nicotiana species, especially N. noctiflora Hooker and N. sandeare Hort. ex Watson (hybrid between N. alata Link & Otto and N. forgetiana Hort. ex Hemsley). During the 10-yr sampling period, an average of 60 times as many C. nigriceps adults were counted in N. noctiflora plots and 19 times as many wasps were counted in N. sanderae plots than were found in commercial tobacco, N. tabacum L. (‘NC 2326'), even though N. noctiflora and N. sanderae are poor host plants for tobacco budworm larvae. Male wasps predominated in plots of N. noctiflora; whereas, female wasps predominated in cultivated tobacco fields. There were no significant differences in the sex ratios of wasps collected from N. alata or N. sanderae. C. nigriceps adults were associated primarily with the flowers of N. sanderae, N. alata, and N. forgetiana, but they were found equally on the leaves and flowers of N. noctiflora. C. nigriceps adults appeared to be attracted to volatile components from N. noctiflora leaves and flowers. Several kilograms of field-grown N. noctiflora flowers and leaves were extracted with methylene chloride, and the volatile components were isolated. Gas chromatography showed only 4 volatile peaks of interest in N. noctiflora, and they were identified as nitrogen-sulfur heterocycles. © 1996 Entomological Society of America Biological Control nationallicence Nicotiana noctiflora nationallicence Nicotiana sanderae nationallicence parasitoid nationallicence insect-plant relationships nationallicence host plant attractants nationallicence Jackson D. Michael Crops Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 1168, Oxford, NC 27565 aut Nottingham S. F. Crops Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 1168, Oxford, NC 27565 aut Schlotzhauer W. S. Crops Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 1168, Oxford, NC 27565 aut Horvat R. J. Crops Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 1168, Oxford, NC 27565 aut Sisson V. A. Crops Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 1168, Oxford, NC 27565 aut Stephenson M. G. Crops Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 1168, Oxford, NC 27565 aut Foard T. Crops Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 1168, Oxford, NC 27565 aut McPherson R. M. Crops Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 1168, Oxford, NC 27565 aut Environmental Entomology Oxford University Press 25/5(1996-10-01), 1248-1255 0046-225X 25:5<1248 1996 25 ee https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.5.1248 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.5.1248 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Jackson D. Michael Crops Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 1168, Oxford, NC 27565 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Nottingham S. F. Crops Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 1168, Oxford, NC 27565 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Schlotzhauer W. S. Crops Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 1168, Oxford, NC 27565 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Horvat R. J. Crops Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 1168, Oxford, NC 27565 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sisson V. A. Crops Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 1168, Oxford, NC 27565 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Stephenson M. G. Crops Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 1168, Oxford, NC 27565 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Foard T. Crops Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 1168, Oxford, NC 27565 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- McPherson R. M. Crops Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 1168, Oxford, NC 27565 aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Environmental Entomology Oxford University Press 25/5(1996-10-01), 1248-1255 0046-225X 25:5<1248 1996 25 ee Metadata rights reserved CC BY-NC-4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-oxford