caa a22 4500 397571607 CHVBK 20180308164843.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161202e19961001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1093/ee/25.5.1128 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)oxford-10.1093/ee/25.5.1128 Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) Adaptation to Winter Wheat [Elektronische Daten] [Wendell L. Morrill, Gregory D. Kushnak] The wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, originally occurred in North American large-stemmed wild grasses. The pest adapted to spring-planted wheat, Trtiticum aestivum L., within 10 yr after cultivation began. Fall-planted winter wheat originally avoided attack, but was consistently heavily damaged by 1985. We reviewed the factors affecting the recent adaptation of C. cinctus to winter wheat. No changes could be detected in the seasonal phenology of winter wheat. Decreased acreage of spring wheat from 1921 to 1945 : reduced host availability. C. cinctus wasps are now emerging 20 d earlier than previously, and oviposition activity currently closely coincides with susceptible growth stages of winter wheat Larval cannibalism of eggs and younger larvae also provides natural selection for early season activity. Annual emergence of wasps from a population in wild grasses consistently begins later than in wheat. © 1996 Entomological Society of America Population Ecology nationallicence Cephus cinctus nationallicence wheat nationallicence insect adaptation nationallicence insect pests nationallicence Morrill Wendell L. Department of Entomology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 aut Kushnak Gregory D. Western Triangle Research Center, Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, Box 1470, Conrad, MT 59425 aut Environmental Entomology Oxford University Press 25/5(1996-10-01), 1128-1132 0046-225X 25:5<1128 1996 25 ee https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.5.1128 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.5.1128 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Morrill Wendell L. Department of Entomology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kushnak Gregory D. Western Triangle Research Center, Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, Box 1470, Conrad, MT 59425 aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Environmental Entomology Oxford University Press 25/5(1996-10-01), 1128-1132 0046-225X 25:5<1128 1996 25 ee Metadata rights reserved CC BY-NC-4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-oxford