caa a22 4500 397571690 CHVBK 20180308164843.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161202e19960201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1093/ee/25.1.198 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)oxford-10.1093/ee/25.1.198 Bionomics of Tetrastichus giffardianus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): An Endoparasitoid of Tephritid Fruit Flies [Elektronische Daten] [Mary F. Purcell, Anita Van Nieuwenhoven, Mark A. Batchelor] Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri is a gregarious endoparasitoid of tephritid fruit flies in Hawaii. Although widely established in Hawaii, it has been largely overlooked in field surveys. Our objectives were to develop an efficient rearing technique for T. giffardianus, and to determine basic bionomic and demographic parameters, necessary in future augmentative and/or classical biological control programs. Exposure of 5- and 6-d-old Ceratitis capitata (Weidemann) larvae to parasitoids at a 5:1 host:parasitoid ratio resulted in relatively high parasitism rates (>55%). Increasing exposure times to parasitoids for ≥8 h did not reduced emergence rates. T. giffardianus successfully developed in Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), B. latifrons (Hendel), B. cucurbitae (Coquillet) and C. capitata. Parasitism was highest in B. dorsalis (37%) and lowest in B. cucurbitae (5%). The longevity of ovipositing females was 60% lower than females deprived of hosts. Each female parasitized 9.1 C. capitata larvae in her lifetime and 0.8 ± 0.13 larvae were parasitized per day. At 26°C, gross and net reproductive rates were 57.3 and 42.6 progeny per female per day, respectively. Peak parasitism of hosts occurred in 2-d old females, followed by a 2nd peak in 6- to 8-d-old females. The significance of T. giffardianus to biological control of tephritids is discussed. © 1996 Entomological Society of America Biological Control nationallicence Tetrastichus giffardianus nationallicence biological control nationallicence demographics nationallicence Purcell Mary F. USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Research Laboratory, P.O. BOX 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 aut Van Nieuwenhoven Anita USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Research Laboratory, P.O. BOX 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 aut Batchelor Mark A. USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Research Laboratory, P.O. BOX 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 aut Environmental Entomology Oxford University Press 25/1(1996-02-01), 198-206 0046-225X 25:1<198 1996 25 ee https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.1.198 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.1.198 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Purcell Mary F. USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Research Laboratory, P.O. BOX 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Van Nieuwenhoven Anita USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Research Laboratory, P.O. BOX 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Batchelor Mark A. USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Research Laboratory, P.O. BOX 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Environmental Entomology Oxford University Press 25/1(1996-02-01), 198-206 0046-225X 25:1<198 1996 25 ee Metadata rights reserved CC BY-NC-4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-oxford