caa a22 4500 397572069 CHVBK 20180308164844.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161202e19960801xx s 000 0 eng 10.1093/ee/25.4.709 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)oxford-10.1093/ee/25.4.709 Host Range of the Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) in the Field Versus Laboratory [Elektronische Daten] [Ann E. Hajek, Linda Butler, Scott R. A. Walsh, Julie C. Silver, Fred P. Hain, Felton L. Hastings, Thomas M. Odell, David R. Smitley] Lepidopteran larvae were sampled in the field to determine levels of infection by the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), fungal pathogen, Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu & Soper. Lepidopteran larvae were reared from 7 plots in Virginia in which moderate density gypsy moth populations simultaneously exhibited from 40.8 to 97.5% E. maimaiga infection. From a total of 1,511 larvae from 52 species belonging to 7 lepidopteran families in 4 superfamilies, only 2 individuals, 1 of 318 forest tent caterpillars, Malacosoma disstria Hübner (0.3% infection), and 1 of 96 Catocala ilia (Cramer) (1.0% infection), became infected by entomophthoralean pathogens. Results from genomic DNA probes and bioassays confirmed that E. maimaiga had caused these infections. Laboratory studies yielded infection over a greater diversity of species, and percentages of infection from laboratory studies were higher than findings from the field for the 1 species infected in both the laboratory and field. At all sites, the gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus also was found, occasionally causing epizootics, but viral occlusion bodies were never found in nontarget Lepidoptera that died. In addition, 279 nontarget Lepidoptera belonging to 34 species in 8 families were collected and reared from areas with low density native gypsy moth populations, and E. maimaiga infections were not found in these nontarget hosts, a1though E. maimaiga was active in gypsy moth populations. A survey of lepidopteran cadavers collected from 1989 to 1995 containing entomophthoralean spores documented E. maimaiga infections in 3 species of lymantriids. The Lepidoptera-specific North American endemic entomopathogen Entomophaga aulicae (Reichardt in Bail) Humber, which is morphologically identical to E. maimaiga, was found in 1 geometrid species, 1 notodontid, 2 species of arctiids, and 1 introduced lymantriid, but in none of the gypsy moth larvae tested. Our results demonstrate that data from laboratory bioassays are poor estimates for predicting nontarget impact. © 1996 Entomological Society of America Forum nationallicence Entomophaga maimaiga nationallicence gypsy moth nationallicence host specificity nationallicence fungal pathogen nationallicence biological control nationallicence DNA probes nationallicence Hajek Ann E. Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-0901 aut Butler Linda Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-0901 aut Walsh Scott R. A. Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-0901 aut Silver Julie C. Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-0901 aut Hain Fred P. Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-0901 aut Hastings Felton L. Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-0901 aut Odell Thomas M. Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-0901 aut Smitley David R. Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-0901 aut Environmental Entomology Oxford University Press 25/4(1996-08-01), 709-721 0046-225X 25:4<709 1996 25 ee https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.4.709 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.4.709 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hajek Ann E. Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-0901 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Butler Linda Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-0901 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Walsh Scott R. A. Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-0901 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Silver Julie C. Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-0901 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hain Fred P. Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-0901 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hastings Felton L. Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-0901 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Odell Thomas M. Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-0901 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Smitley David R. Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-0901 aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Environmental Entomology Oxford University Press 25/4(1996-08-01), 709-721 0046-225X 25:4<709 1996 25 ee Metadata rights reserved CC BY-NC-4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-oxford