caa a22 4500 397572115 CHVBK 20180308164844.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161202e19960801xx s 000 0 eng 10.1093/ee/25.4.727 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)oxford-10.1093/ee/25.4.727 Degree-Day Models for Predicting Levels of Attack by Slash Pine Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) and the Phenology of Female Strobilus Development on Slash Pine [Elektronische Daten] [Carl W. Fatzinger, Wayne N. Dixon] Degree-day models were developed for predicting different levels of attack by slash pine flower thrips, Gnophothrips fuscus (Morgan), on female strobili (flowers) and for predicting the appearance of different morphological stages of flower development. The models were based on 5-yr data collected from a north Florida slash pine, Pinus elliottii Engelmann variety elliottii, seed orchard. Different starting dates and lower threshold temperatures for models were compared. Starting dates included the 1st annual incidence of temperatures below 4.4°C (40°F) and a range of biofix dates (20 November through 10 December). Lower threshold temperatures were compared over a range of −1.1-12.8°C (30-55°F). Degree-day models with a 4.4°C (40°F) lower threshold temperature appeared to be suitable predictors of the appearance of stage 2 flowers and the 50% level of attack by slash pine flower thrips. These models should facilitate implementation of insecticide application programs based on predicting levels of thrips attack and flower phenology. © 1996 Entomological Society of America Pest Management and Sampling nationallicence Gnophothrips fuscus nationallicence Pinus elliottii nationallicence degree-day model nationallicence Fatzinger Carl W. Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 70, Olustee, FL 32072 aut Dixon Wayne N. Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 70, Olustee, FL 32072 aut Environmental Entomology Oxford University Press 25/4(1996-08-01), 727-735 0046-225X 25:4<727 1996 25 ee https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.4.727 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.4.727 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Fatzinger Carl W. Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 70, Olustee, FL 32072 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Dixon Wayne N. Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 70, Olustee, FL 32072 aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Environmental Entomology Oxford University Press 25/4(1996-08-01), 727-735 0046-225X 25:4<727 1996 25 ee Metadata rights reserved CC BY-NC-4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-oxford