caa a22 4500 397575025 CHVBK 20180308164853.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161202e199607 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1093/hmg/5.7.945 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)oxford-10.1093/hmg/5.7.945 Genomic Structure of HOXD13 Gene: A Nine Polyalanine Duplication Causes Synpolydactyly in Two Unrelated Families [Elektronische Daten] [A. Nurten Akarsu, Ivaylo Stoilov, Engin Yilmaz, B. Sitki Sayli, Mansoor Sarfarazi] Synpolydactyly (SPD) is a limb malformation that shows a characteristic manifestation in both hands and feet. This condition is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with reduced penetrance. We have recently mapped this locus centromeric to the HOXD8 intragenic marker and suggested the HOXD13 gene as a potential candidate for this condition. The genomic structure of HOXD13 established in this study consists of two exons that encodes a polypeptide of 335 amino acids. The downstream exon at the 3′ end of this gene contains the homeodomain sequences that are highly conserved. Sixty-three bp upstream of this exon lies a stretch of intronic CA-repeats that proved to be polymorphic in two different populations. The upstream exon encodes 75% of the entire protein and contains a stretch of 15 normal alanines at its 5′ end. Sequence comparison at this position in the homozygous affected individuals identified a total of 24 alanine residues that resulted from a duplication of nine polyalanines. In two unrelated SPD families, this duplication was directly transmitted from the affected parents to their affected, but not unaffected, offspring; in one family its size has remained constant for at least 150 years spanning over seven generations. The presence of this duplication confirmed the status of four normal gene carriers, one incomplete penetrance and two affected individuals who were recombinants for HOXD8 or HOXD13-CA repeat markers. This duplication was not present in 150 chromosomes of unrelated healthy subjects of two different populations. © 1996 Oxford University Press Akarsu A. Nurten Surgical Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA aut Stoilov Ivaylo Surgical Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA aut Yilmaz Engin Surgical Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA aut Sayli B. Sitki Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Ankara, Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey aut Sarfarazi Mansoor Surgical Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA aut Human Molecular Genetics Oxford University Press 5/7(1996-07), 945-952 0964-6906 5:7<945 1996 5 hmg https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/5.7.945 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/5.7.945 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Akarsu A. Nurten Surgical Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Stoilov Ivaylo Surgical Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Yilmaz Engin Surgical Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sayli B. Sitki Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Ankara, Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sarfarazi Mansoor Surgical Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Human Molecular Genetics Oxford University Press 5/7(1996-07), 945-952 0964-6906 5:7<945 1996 5 hmg Metadata rights reserved CC BY-NC-4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-oxford