caa a22 4500 397581602 CHVBK 20180308164908.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161202e199603 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1093/cercor/6.2.215 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)oxford-10.1093/cercor/6.2.215 Failure to Respond Autonomically to Anticipated Future Outcomes Following Damage to Prefrontal Cortex [Elektronische Daten] [Antoine Bechara, Daniel Tranel, Hanna Damasio, Antonio R. Damasio] Following damage to specific sectors of the prefrontal cortex, humans develop a defect in real-life decision making, in spite of otherwise normal intellectual performance. The patients so affected may even realize the consequences of their actions but tail to act accordingly, thus appearing oblivious to the future. The neural basis of this defect has resisted explanation. Here we identify a physiological correlate for the defect and discuss its possible significance. We measured the skin conductance responses (SCRs) of 7 patients with prefrontal damage, and 12 normal controls, during the performance of a novel task, a card game that simulates real-life decision making in the way it factors uncertainty, rewards, and penalties. Both patients and controls generated SCRs after selecting cards that were followed by penalties or by reward. However, after a number of trials, controls also began to generate SCRs prior to their selection of a card, while they pondered from which deck to choose, but no patients showed such anticipatory SCRs. The absence of anticipatory SCRs in patients with prefrontal damage is a correlate of their insensitivity to future outcomes. It is compatible with the idea that these patients fail to activate biasing signals that would serve as value markers in the distinction between choices with good or bad future outcomes; that these signals also participate in the enhancement of attention and working memory relative to representations pertinent to the decision process; and that the signals hail from the bioregulatory machinery that sustains somatic homeostasis and can be expressed in emotion and feeling. © 1996 Oxford University Press Articles nationallicence Bechara Antoine Department of Neurology Division of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 aut Tranel Daniel Department of Neurology Division of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 aut Damasio Hanna Department of Neurology Division of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 aut Damasio Antonio R. Department of Neurology Division of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 aut Cerebral Cortex Oxford University Press 6/2(1996-03), 215-225 1047-3211 6:2<215 1996 6 cercor https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/6.2.215 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/6.2.215 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bechara Antoine Department of Neurology Division of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tranel Daniel Department of Neurology Division of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Damasio Hanna Department of Neurology Division of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Damasio Antonio R. Department of Neurology Division of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Cerebral Cortex Oxford University Press 6/2(1996-03), 215-225 1047-3211 6:2<215 1996 6 cercor Metadata rights reserved CC BY-NC-4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-oxford