caa a22 4500 397581904 CHVBK 20180308164909.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161202e199609 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1093/cercor/6.5.647 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)oxford-10.1093/cercor/6.5.647 Neuronal Units Linked to Microvascular Modules in Cerebral Cortex: Response Elements for Imaging the Brain [Elektronische Daten] [Thomas A. Woolsey, Carl M. Rovainen, Stephanie B. Cox, Martin H. Henegar, Griffith E. Liang, Daqian Liu, Yuri E. Moskalenko, Jing Sui, Ling Wei] How neuronal activity changes cerebral blood flow is of biological and practical importance. The rodent whisker-barrel system has special merits as a model for studies of changes in local cerebral blood flow (LCBF). Stimulus-evoked changes in neural firing and ‘intrinsic signals' recorded through a cranial window were used to define regions of interest for repeated flow measurements. Whisker-activated changes in flow were measured with intravascular markers at the pia. LCBF changes were always prompt and localized over the appropriate barrel. Stimulus-related changes in parenchymal flow monitored continuously with H2 electrodes recorded short latency flow changes initiated in middle cortical layers. Activation that increased flow to particular barrels often led to reduced flow to adjacent cortex. Dye was injected into single penetrating arterioles from the pia of the fixed brain and injected into arterioles in slices of cortex where barrels were evident without stains. Arteriolar and venular domains at the surface were not directly related to underlying barrels. Capillary tufts in layer IV were mainly coincident with barrels. The matching between a capillary plexus (a vascular module) and a barrel (a functional neuronal unit) is a spatial organization of neurons and blood vessels that optimizes local interactions between the two. The paths of communication probably include: neurons to neurons, neurons to glia, neurons to vessels, glia to vessels, vessels to vessels and vessels to brain. Matching a functional grouping of neurons with a vascular module is an elegant means of reducing the risk of embarrassment for energy-expensive neuronal activity (ion pumping) while minimizing energy spent for delivery of the energy (cardiac output). For imaging studies this organization sets biological limits to spatial, temporal and magnitude resolution. Reduced flow to nearby inactive cortex enhances local differences. © 1996 Oxford University Press Articles nationallicence Woolsey Thomas A. Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine St Louis, MO 63110 aut Rovainen Carl M. Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine St Louis, MO 63110 aut Cox Stephanie B. Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine St Louis, MO 63110 aut Henegar Martin H. Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine St Louis, MO 63110 aut Liang Griffith E. Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine St Louis, MO 63110 aut Liu Daqian Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine St Louis, MO 63110 aut Moskalenko Yuri E. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of Russia St Petersburg, 194223 Russia aut Sui Jing Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine St Louis, MO 63110 aut Wei Ling Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine St Louis, MO 63110 aut Cerebral Cortex Oxford University Press 6/5(1996-09), 647-660 1047-3211 6:5<647 1996 6 cercor https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/6.5.647 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/6.5.647 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Woolsey Thomas A. Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine St Louis, MO 63110 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rovainen Carl M. Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine St Louis, MO 63110 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cox Stephanie B. Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine St Louis, MO 63110 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Henegar Martin H. Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine St Louis, MO 63110 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Liang Griffith E. Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine St Louis, MO 63110 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Liu Daqian Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine St Louis, MO 63110 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Moskalenko Yuri E. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of Russia St Petersburg, 194223 Russia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sui Jing Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine St Louis, MO 63110 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wei Ling Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine St Louis, MO 63110 aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Cerebral Cortex Oxford University Press 6/5(1996-09), 647-660 1047-3211 6:5<647 1996 6 cercor Metadata rights reserved CC BY-NC-4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-oxford