caa a22 4500 397592639 CHVBK 20180308164943.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161202e199607 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1093/jac/38.suppl_A.117 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)oxford-10.1093/jac/38.suppl_A.117 Baquero Fernando Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, National Institute of Health (INSALUD), 28034 Madrid, Spain Trends in antibiotic resistance of respiratory pathogens: an analysis and commentary on a collaborative surveillance study [Elektronische Daten] [Fernando Baquero] The evolution of antibiotic resistance was studied among common respiratory tract pathogens in five countries of the European Union and in the USA during 1992-1993. The data obtained from a collaborative surveillance study were submitted to population analysis, to detect possible shifts in antibiotic susceptibility and, therefore, associated mechanisms of resistance. Among the emerging Haemophilus influenzae phenotypes were isolates that did not correspond to the β-lactamase negative, amino-penicillin resistant (BLNAR) phenotype, but were β-lactamase producers showing low level ceftriaxone resistance (early extended spectrum β-lactamases?) amoxycillin susceptible strains with low level ceftriaxone resistance (PBP modification?) and isolates with high-level fluoroquinolone resistance. Moraxella catarrhalis resistance to ceftriaxone erythromycin or fluoroquinolones was noted. The quantitative evolution of antibiotic resistance may reach saturation in some countries with a very high proportion of resistant strains, for example, Spain and France. Qualitatively, resistant strains may be selected that have broader or more effective mechanisms of resistance, particularly under the recently introduced pressure of more active antibiotics of the same family. In countries with modest levels of antibiotic resistance (UK, Germany, Italy), attention should be paid to the misuse of antibiotics with a propensity to select low-level resistant strains. In this respect, the relative prescribing of aminopenicillins and oral cephalosporins in the UK (a high ratio and low prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae) and resistance to penicillin in the USA (a low ratio and high prevalence of resistance) is of potential importance. © 1996 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Articles nationallicence Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Oxford University Press 38(1996-07), 117-132 0305-7453 38<117 1996 38 jac https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/38.suppl_A.117 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/38.suppl_A.117 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Baquero Fernando Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, National Institute of Health (INSALUD), 28034 Madrid, Spain NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Oxford University Press 38(1996-07), 117-132 0305-7453 38<117 1996 38 jac Metadata rights reserved CC BY-NC-4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-oxford