caa a22 4500 44529521X CHVBK 20180317142539.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20101201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11657-010-0036-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11657-010-0036-6 Dietary vitamins K1, K2 and bone mineral density: the Hordaland Health Study [Elektronische Daten] [Ellen Apalset, Clara Gjesdal, Geir Eide, Anne-Marthe Johansen, Christian Drevon, Grethe Tell] Summary: Associations between bone mineral density (BMD) and dietary vitamins K1 and K2 in 4,461 individuals were studied. For women, odds ratio of low BMD was 1.48 in lowest to highest quartile of K1. A weak positive association was found for K2. Our results do not support dietary vitamins K as being major determinants of BMD. Purpose: Some studies suggest a positive association between intake of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) or vitamin K2 (menaquinone) and BMD. The objective was to examine associations between BMD and dietary vitamins K1 and K2. Methods: BMD of the total hip was measured in 2,575 women and 1,886 men, 47-50 and 71-75years, in the community-based Hordaland Health Study. Dietary vitamins K1 and K2 were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. Low BMD was defined as the lowest BMD-quintile for each age-sex group. Multiple linear, logistic and fractional polynomial regression analyses were applied. Results: No significant associations between vitamin K1 or K2 intake and BMD were found in linear regression analyses. Comparing women in the highest to lowest quartile of vitamin K1 intake, an odds ratio of 1.48 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 2.04) for low BMD was found. This was not found among men or for vitamin K2 intake in either gender. A weak, positive association between log (vitamin K2) intake and BMD was found by fractional polynomial regression analyses in women (beta coefficient: 0.018; 95% CI: 0.009, 0.027; p = 0.001), but not in men. Conclusions: Although we observed an increased risk of low BMD with low intake of vitamin K1 and a weak positive association between BMD and vitamin K2 intake among women, this study does not support dietary intake of vitamins K1 or K2 as major determinants of BMD. Future studies should investigate possible associations between intake of vitamin K1, K2 and fracture risk. International Osteoporosis Foundation and National Osteoporosis Foundation, 2010 Osteoporosis nationallicence Bone mineral density nationallicence Vitamin K1 nationallicence Vitamin K2 nationallicence Diet nationallicence Apalset Ellen Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, Research Group for Lifestyle Epidemiology, University of Bergen, Kalfarveien 31, 5018, Bergen, Norway aut Gjesdal Clara Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway aut Eide Geir Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, Research Group for Lifestyle Epidemiology, University of Bergen, Kalfarveien 31, 5018, Bergen, Norway aut Johansen Anne-Marthe Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway aut Drevon Christian Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway aut Tell Grethe Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, Research Group for Lifestyle Epidemiology, University of Bergen, Kalfarveien 31, 5018, Bergen, Norway aut Archives of Osteoporosis Springer-Verlag 5/1-2(2010-12-01), 73-81 1862-3522 5:1-2<73 2010 5 11657 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-010-0036-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-010-0036-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Apalset Ellen Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, Research Group for Lifestyle Epidemiology, University of Bergen, Kalfarveien 31, 5018, Bergen, Norway aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Gjesdal Clara Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Eide Geir Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, Research Group for Lifestyle Epidemiology, University of Bergen, Kalfarveien 31, 5018, Bergen, Norway aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Johansen Anne-Marthe Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Drevon Christian Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tell Grethe Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, Research Group for Lifestyle Epidemiology, University of Bergen, Kalfarveien 31, 5018, Bergen, Norway aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Archives of Osteoporosis Springer-Verlag 5/1-2(2010-12-01), 73-81 1862-3522 5:1-2<73 2010 5 11657 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer