caa a22 4500 445299355 CHVBK 20180317142552.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20100101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11430-009-0187-8 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11430-009-0187-8 The spatio-temporal distribution of thermodynamic forces at the land-atmosphere interface in China [Elektronische Daten] [XingKui Xu, XiaoQing Jin, Jason Levy] Correlation analysis and the complementary relationship model are used to indirectly measure and characterize the dynamic and thermodynamic properties at the land-atmosphere interface in China. Results show that thermodynamic forces driving the exchange fluxes of energy, water and carbon between the land surface and the overlying atmosphere are significantly enhanced along the mid-upper reaches of the Yangtze River basin around Sichuan Basin and the northern region of Heilongjiang. The thermodynamic forces exhibit a decreasing trend in southern Xinjiang and some regions of Yunnan. Low cloud cover was shown to be a significant factor leading to changes in thermodynamic properties at the land-atmosphere interface. Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) and storm data provide strong evidence that a changing synoptic system is likely a principle factor causing the abnormal spatiotemporal distribution of thermodynamic forces over the land surface in China. This data also suggests that cyclical and quasi-cyclical fluctuations of low cloud cover in most regions of China are responsible for annual rainfall patterns. At the same time, NOAA-AVHRR satellite remote sensing data illustrates that changes to land surface characteristics may cause atypical spatiotemporal distributions of thermodynamic forces over the land surface. We show that thermodynamic forces are weakening in regions with increasing vegetation. However, where urbanization has decreased the quantity of vegetation, thermodynamic forces are rising. Finally, an increase in large-scale thermodynamic forces is associated with a reduction in low cloud cover due to changes in the synoptic system. Science in China Press and Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009 thermodynamic forces nationallicence Western Pacific Subtropical High nationallicence low cloud cover nationallicence remotely sensed data nationallicence Xu XingKui International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China aut Jin XiaoQing International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China aut Levy Jason L. Douglas Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs, Virginia Commonwealth University, 923 W. Franklin St., 23284, Richmond, VA, USA aut Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences SP Science in China Press 53/1(2010-01-01), 42-53 1674-7313 53:1<42 2010 53 11430 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-009-0187-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-009-0187-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Xu XingKui International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Jin XiaoQing International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Levy Jason L. Douglas Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs, Virginia Commonwealth University, 923 W. Franklin St., 23284, Richmond, VA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences SP Science in China Press 53/1(2010-01-01), 42-53 1674-7313 53:1<42 2010 53 11430 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer