caa a22 4500 445299894 CHVBK 20180317142554.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20100701xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11430-010-3070-8 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11430-010-3070-8 Simulation of radar sounder echo from lunar surface and subsurface structure [Elektronische Daten] [WenZhe Fa, YaQiu Jin] Space-borne high frequency (HF) radar sounder is an effective tool for investigation of lunar subsurface structure in lunar exploration. The primary strategy of radar sounder technology for subsurface structure detection is utilization of the nadir echoes time delay and intensity difference from the lunar surface and subsurface. It is important to fully understand electromagnetic wave propagation, scattering, and attenuation through the lunar media in order to retrieve information of lunar layering structure from weak nadir echoes of the subsurface, which is simultaneously interfered by strong off-nadir surface clutters. Based on the Kirchhoff approximation (KA) of rough surface scattering and the ray tracing of geometric optics, a numerical simulation of radar echoes from lunar layering structures is developed. According to the lunar surface feature, the topography of mare and highland surfaces is numerically generated, and the triangulated network is employed to make digital elevations of the whole lunar surface. Scattering from the lunar surface and subsurface is numerically calculated using KA approach. Radar echoes and its range images are numerically simulated, and their dependence on the parameters of lunar layering interfaces is discussed. The approach of this paper can also be utilized to investigate subsurface structures in Mars and other planetary exploration. Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010 radar sounder nationallicence lunar layering structure nationallicence echo simulation and image nationallicence Fa WenZhe Key Laboratory of Wave Scattering and Remote Sensing Information (MOE), Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China aut Jin YaQiu Key Laboratory of Wave Scattering and Remote Sensing Information (MOE), Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China aut Science China Earth Sciences SP Science China Press 53/7(2010-07-01), 1043-1055 1674-7313 53:7<1043 2010 53 11430 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-010-3070-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-010-3070-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Fa WenZhe Key Laboratory of Wave Scattering and Remote Sensing Information (MOE), Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Jin YaQiu Key Laboratory of Wave Scattering and Remote Sensing Information (MOE), Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Science China Earth Sciences SP Science China Press 53/7(2010-07-01), 1043-1055 1674-7313 53:7<1043 2010 53 11430 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer