caa a22 4500 445299908 CHVBK 20180317142554.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20101201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11430-010-4093-x doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11430-010-4093-x Two episodic changes of trace fossils through the Permian-Triassic transition in the Meishan cores, Zhejiang Province [Elektronische Daten] [XiaoMing Zhao, JinNan Tong] Six ichnogenera, Chondrites, Palaeophycus, Planolites, Rhizocorallium, Skolithos, and Thalassinoides, were identified from the drilling cores near the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of Permian-Triassic boundary at Meishan, Zhejiang Province. The ichnological indices, including abundance, bioturbation index, and disturbed depth of trace fossils, show two episodes of intense changes near the Permian-Triassic Boundary (PTB). Episode I occurred in Beds 25-27b when the ecologically complicate forms such as Chondrites, Skolithos, Rhizocorallium, and Thalassinoides disappeared hereafter, the bioturbation index reduced from 1-5 to 1-3, and the disturbed depth declined from 5-66 to 2-5 cm. Episode II took place at the base of Bed 33 with the disappearance of Palaeophycus and Planolites, and subsequent absence of trace fossils and bioturbation till the middle-upper part of Bed 41 when the disturbed structures reoccurred, but they are only tiny Planolites and the bioturbation index was never higher than 3 and the disturbed depth less than 4 mm. Episode I shows an intense change, corresponding to the main stage of the end-Permian mass extinction, whereas Episode II is relatively weak, corresponding to the epilogue of the mass extinction of trace makers in the Early Triassic. Subsequently, ichnofossils were dominated by surface tracks in simple ecological habit and structures. This phenomenon indicates that the Early Triassic benthonic fauna is changed from sessile benthic system to mobile benthic system after the end-Permian mass extinction. In other words, the evolution of the trace fossils across the Permian-Triassic transition had an episodic process similar to the body fossils. In addition, the change of ichnofabrics is well coincided with the negative excursion of carbon isotopes and the expansion of cyanobacteria. As the results of physical and biogenic processes, trace fossils provided unique materials for the study of the biotic and environmental events, as well as their coupling evolution through the great Permian-Triassic transition. Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010 trace fossils nationallicence bioturbation index nationallicence disturbed depth nationallicence the Permian-Triassic transition nationallicence two episodic evolution nationallicence Meishan cores nationallicence Zhao XiaoMing Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, China aut Tong JinNan Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, China aut Science China Earth Sciences SP Science China Press 53/12(2010-12-01), 1885-1893 1674-7313 53:12<1885 2010 53 11430 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-010-4093-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-010-4093-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zhao XiaoMing Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tong JinNan Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Science China Earth Sciences SP Science China Press 53/12(2010-12-01), 1885-1893 1674-7313 53:12<1885 2010 53 11430 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer