caa a22 4500 445309083 CHVBK 20180317142623.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110701xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00404-011-1918-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00404-011-1918-6 The history of vaginal birth [Elektronische Daten] [Raphael Parente, Lílian Bergqvist, Marina Soares, Olimpio Filho] Vaginal delivery, as known today, is a still unfinished product that originated hundreds of million years ago, much before mammals evolved on land. In this article, we will discuss the way in which our direct ancestors were born over the eons until the present day, focusing on the factors that presented substantial changes in how birth occurred, in relation to our earlier ancestors. The history begins with the first amniotes around 300 million years ago and ends with the appearance of the first Homo sapiens around 160,000years ago. Springer-Verlag, 2011 Mammals nationallicence Reproduction nationallicence Placentals nationallicence Placenta nationallicence Vaginal delivery nationallicence Parente Raphael Department of Gynecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Janeiro, 90, CEP: 20.211-340, Rua Moncorvo Filho, Centro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil aut Bergqvist Lílian Department of Geology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil aut Soares Marina Department of Paleontology and Stratigraphy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil aut Filho Olimpio Department of Obstetrics, Universidade Estadual de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil aut Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Springer-Verlag 284/1(2011-07-01), 1-11 0932-0067 284:1<1 2011 284 404 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-011-1918-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-011-1918-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Parente Raphael Department of Gynecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Janeiro, 90, CEP: 20.211-340, Rua Moncorvo Filho, Centro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bergqvist Lílian Department of Geology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Soares Marina Department of Paleontology and Stratigraphy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Filho Olimpio Department of Obstetrics, Universidade Estadual de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Springer-Verlag 284/1(2011-07-01), 1-11 0932-0067 284:1<1 2011 284 404 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer