caa a22 4500 445311665 CHVBK 20180317142632.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11095-010-0191-x doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11095-010-0191-x Vehicle Composition Influence on the Microneedle-Enhanced Transdermal Flux of Naltrexone Hydrochloride [Elektronische Daten] [Mikolaj Milewski, Audra Stinchcomb] ABSTRACT: Purpose: Transdermal delivery of drugs is often limited by formidable barrier properties of stratum corneum (SC). Microneedles (MN) enable creation of transient microchannels in the SC and bypass this barrier. Many reports have focused on the great effectiveness of MN in improving percutaneous flux values of a variety of drugs over a large molecular size spectrum. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the influence of formulation on MN-enhanced transdermal transport of naltrexone hydrochloride (NTX HCl). Methods: A series of in vitro experiments employing binary mixtures of propylene glycol (PG) and water as vehicle were used with either MN-treated or untreated skin. A simple model taking into account two parallel flux values through intact skin and microchannels was used to analyze data. Results: Transdermal permeation of NTX HCl from different donor solutions indicated that PG-rich formulations greatly limited MN-enhanced transport but had a much smaller effect on transport through intact skin. Conclusions: Diffusion through the microchannel pathway seems to be donor viscosity-related and follows the relationship predicted by the Stokes-Einstein equation as shown by linear dependence of flux on diffusivity of NTX in donor solutions. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2010 transdermal drug delivery nationallicence microneedles nationallicence propylene glycol nationallicence viscosity nationallicence naltrexone hydrochloride nationallicence Milewski Mikolaj Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 459 Wethington Bldg., 900 South Limestone Street, 40536-0082, Lexington, Kentucky, USA aut Stinchcomb Audra Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 459 Wethington Bldg., 900 South Limestone Street, 40536-0082, Lexington, Kentucky, USA aut Pharmaceutical Research Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 28/1(2011-01-01), 124-134 0724-8741 28:1<124 2011 28 11095 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-010-0191-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-010-0191-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Milewski Mikolaj Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 459 Wethington Bldg., 900 South Limestone Street, 40536-0082, Lexington, Kentucky, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Stinchcomb Audra Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 459 Wethington Bldg., 900 South Limestone Street, 40536-0082, Lexington, Kentucky, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Pharmaceutical Research Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 28/1(2011-01-01), 124-134 0724-8741 28:1<124 2011 28 11095 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer