caa a22 4500 445314249 CHVBK 20180317142640.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20111101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11095-011-0561-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11095-011-0561-z Gold Nanoparticle Penetration and Reduced Metabolism in Human Skin by Toluene [Elektronische Daten] [Hagar Labouta, David Liu, Lynlee Lin, Margaret Butler, Jeffrey Grice, Anthony Raphael, Tobias Kraus, Labiba El-Khordagui, H. Soyer, Michael Roberts, Marc Schneider, Tarl Prow] ABSTRACT: Purpose: To measure penetration and metabolic effects of ion-stabilized, polar, 15nm gold nanoparticles in aqueous solution (AuNP-Aq) and sterically stabilized, non-polar, 6nm gold nanoparticles in toluene (AuNP-TOL) on excised human skin. Methods: Gold nanoparticles were characterized with dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Skin penetration studies were done on frozen or fresh excised skin using static Franz diffusion cells. Viable treated skin was assessed by dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), multiphoton tomography (MPT) with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), and TEM. Results: Dermoscopy and RCM showed large aggregates in the furrows of AuNP-Aq-treated skin. Treatment of thawed and viable skin only showed enhanced permeability to nanoparticles in the AuNP-TOL group with MPT and FLIM imaging to stratum spinosum of epidermis. TEM analysis revealed gold nanoparticles within AuNP-treated stratum corneum. FLIM analysis of NAD(P)H showed a significant decrease in total NAD(P)H in all toluene-treated groups. Conclusions: Gold nanoparticles, 15nm, in aqueous solution aggregated on the skin surface. Toluene treatment eliminated skin metabolism; skin treated with toluene/gold nanoparticles (6nm) for 24h, but not at 4h, showed increased nanoparticle permeability. These results are of value to nanotoxicology. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2011 confocal reflectance microscopy nationallicence fluorescence lifetime nationallicence multiphoton microscopy nationallicence nanoparticle nationallicence skin nationallicence ANOVA : analysis of variance nationallicence AuNP : gold nanoparticle nationallicence AuNP-Aq : gold nanoparticle in aqueous solution nationallicence AuNP-TOL : gold nanoparticle in toluene nationallicence BP : band pass filter nationallicence EDXS : energy-dispersed X-ray spectroscopy nationallicence FLIM : fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy nationallicence HFT KP : dichroic low pass filter nationallicence ICP : inductively coupled plasma nationallicence MPT : multiphoton tomography nationallicence MPT-FLIM : multiphoton tomography with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy nationallicence NA : numerical aperture nationallicence NAD(P)H : nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate nationallicence RCM : reflectance confocal microscopy nationallicence SB : stratum basale nationallicence SC : stratum corneum nationallicence SG : stratum granulosum nationallicence SS : stratum spinosum nationallicence TEM : transmission electron microscopy nationallicence TEWL : trans-epidermal water loss nationallicence VE : viable epidermis nationallicence Labouta Hagar Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany aut Liu David Therapeutics Research Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia aut Lin Lynlee Therapeutics Research Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia aut Butler Margaret Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia aut Grice Jeffrey Therapeutics Research Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia aut Raphael Anthony Therapeutics Research Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia aut Kraus Tobias Structure Formation Group, INM Institute, Saarbrücken, Germany aut El-Khordagui Labiba Department of Pharmaceutics, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt aut Soyer H. Dermatology Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia aut Roberts Michael Therapeutics Research Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia aut Schneider Marc Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany aut Prow Tarl Therapeutics Research Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia aut Pharmaceutical Research Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 28/11(2011-11-01), 2931-2944 0724-8741 28:11<2931 2011 28 11095 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-011-0561-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-011-0561-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Labouta Hagar Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Liu David Therapeutics Research Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lin Lynlee Therapeutics Research Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Butler Margaret Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Grice Jeffrey Therapeutics Research Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Raphael Anthony Therapeutics Research Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kraus Tobias Structure Formation Group, INM Institute, Saarbrücken, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- El-Khordagui Labiba Department of Pharmaceutics, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Soyer H. Dermatology Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Roberts Michael Therapeutics Research Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Schneider Marc Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Prow Tarl Therapeutics Research Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Pharmaceutical Research Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 28/11(2011-11-01), 2931-2944 0724-8741 28:11<2931 2011 28 11095 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer