caa a22 4500 445321563 CHVBK 20180317142705.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10534-011-9417-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10534-011-9417-6 Silver Simon University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA aut BioMetals: a historical and personal perspective [Elektronische Daten] [Simon Silver] Understanding of BioMetals developed basically from a starting point about 60years ago to current mechanistic understanding of the biological behavior of many metal ions from protein structural and functional studies. Figure 1 shows a Biochemical Periodic Table, element by element, with requirements, roles and biochemistry of the specific ions indicated. With few exceptions, the biology is of the ions formed and not of the elemental state of each. Early BioMetals efforts defined nutritional growth needs for animals, plants and microbes for inorganic "macro-nutrients” such as magnesium, calcium, potassium, sodium, and phosphate and of "micronutrients” such as copper, iron, manganese and zinc. Surprises came early with regard to microbes, for example the finding that Escherichia coli (then and now the standard microbial model) grows happily in the apparent total absence of calcium, sodium, and chloride, which are certainly major animal nutrients. Some elements such as mercury and arsenic are never required by living cells, but are always toxic, often at very low levels. Therefore, the division into nutrient elements and toxic elements came soon. For most inorganic nutrients, excessive amounts can be toxic as well, for example for copper and iron. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC., 2011 Nutrient metals nationallicence Toxic metals nationallicence Mercury nationallicence Arsenic nationallicence Copper nationallicence Magnesium nationallicence Iron nationallicence BioMetals Springer Netherlands 24/3(2011-06-01), 379-390 0966-0844 24:3<379 2011 24 10534 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-011-9417-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-011-9417-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Silver Simon University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- BioMetals Springer Netherlands 24/3(2011-06-01), 379-390 0966-0844 24:3<379 2011 24 10534 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer