caa a22 4500 445329270 CHVBK 20180317142732.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20111001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10143-011-0327-4 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10143-011-0327-4 Benign external hydrocephalus: a review, with emphasis on management [Elektronische Daten] [Sverre Zahl, Arild Egge, Eirik Helseth, Knut Wester] Benign external hydrocephalus in infants, characterized by macrocephaly and typical neuroimaging findings, is considered as a self-limiting condition and is therefore rarely treated. This review concerns all aspects of this condition: etiology, neuroimaging, symptoms and clinical findings, treatment, and outcome, with emphasis on management. The review is based on a systematic search in the Pubmed and Web of Science databases. The search covered various forms of hydrocephalus, extracerebral fluid, and macrocephaly. Studies reporting small children with idiopathic external hydrocephalus were included, mostly focusing on the studies reporting a long-term outcome. A total of 147 studies are included, the majority however with a limited methodological quality. Several theories regarding pathophysiology and various symptoms, signs, and clinical findings underscore the heterogeneity of the condition. Neuroimaging is important in the differentiation between external hydrocephalus and similar conditions. A transient delay of psychomotor development is commonly seen during childhood. A long-term outcome is scarcely reported, and the results are varying. Although most children with external hydrocephalus seem to do well both initially and in the long term, a substantial number of patients show temporary or permanent psychomotor delay. To verify that this truly is a benign condition, we suggest that future research on external hydrocephalus should focus on the long-term effects of surgical treatment as opposed to conservative management. The Author(s), 2011 Communicating hydrocephalus nationallicence Outcome studies nationallicence Macrocephaly nationallicence Subarachnoid space nationallicence Intracranial pressure nationallicence Zahl Sverre Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway aut Egge Arild Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital—Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway aut Helseth Eirik Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital—Ullevål, Oslo, Norway aut Wester Knut Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway aut Neurosurgical Review Springer-Verlag 34/4(2011-10-01), 417-432 0344-5607 34:4<417 2011 34 10143 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-011-0327-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-011-0327-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zahl Sverre Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Egge Arild Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital—Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Helseth Eirik Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital—Ullevål, Oslo, Norway aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wester Knut Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Neurosurgical Review Springer-Verlag 34/4(2011-10-01), 417-432 0344-5607 34:4<417 2011 34 10143 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer