caa a22 4500 445339985 CHVBK 20180317142809.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20111201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00436-011-2576-0 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00436-011-2576-0 Small ruminant resistance against gastrointestinal nematodes: a case of Haemonchus contortus [Elektronische Daten] [Hafiz Saddiqi, Abdul Jabbar, Muhammad Sarwar, Zafar Iqbal, Ghulam Muhammad, Mahrun Nisa, Aasif Shahzad] Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections are a common constraint to small ruminant industry throughout the world, and among those, haemonchosis has its own significance. Control of GIN primarily relies on the use of anthelmintics, but this approach has become less reliable due to the development of resistance in GINs against commonly used anthelmintics and an increased consumer demand for environmentally friendly animal products. These issues have stimulated investigations to find alternative sustainable control strategies, which are less reliant on anthelmintic input. One of such strategies is breeding of small ruminants for their resistance to the GINs. The susceptibility and resistance of animals to GIN infections varies within and between breeds. Various parasitological, biochemical and immunological parameters are employed to evaluate natural resistance status of animals both in natural pasture and artificial infections. The immune mechanisms responsible for resistance are not completely understood, but it has a significant effect in inherited resistance. Relatively resistant or tolerant animals show better local and generalised immune response as compared to susceptible. Immune response against GINs is influenced by many physiological factors. Determination of specific genes linked with host resistance will provide a valuable approach to find out the molecular mechanism of host resistance to GINs. Resistance has been reported to reduce pasture contamination, which in turn reduces re-infection and thus the requirement of the frequent anthelmintic treatments. The efficiency of control can be increased through objective and accurate identification of genetically tolerant individuals by natural and artificial infections with GINs. Complete resistance is the ultimate solution, but this has generally been ignored as a commercial reality. This paper reviews the published reports on natural resistance in small ruminants and discusses the prospects of developing small ruminants, which could be resistant to GINs. Springer-Verlag, 2011 Saddiqi Hafiz Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan aut Jabbar Abdul Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, 38040, Faisalabad, Pakistan aut Sarwar Muhammad Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, University of Agriculture, 38040, Faisalabad, Pakistan aut Iqbal Zafar Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, 38040, Faisalabad, Pakistan aut Muhammad Ghulam Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, 38040, Faisalabad, Pakistan aut Nisa Mahrun Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, University of Agriculture, 38040, Faisalabad, Pakistan aut Shahzad Aasif Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, University of Agriculture, 38040, Faisalabad, Pakistan aut Parasitology Research Springer-Verlag 109/6(2011-12-01), 1483-1500 0932-0113 109:6<1483 2011 109 436 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2576-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2576-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Saddiqi Hafiz Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Jabbar Abdul Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, 38040, Faisalabad, Pakistan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sarwar Muhammad Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, University of Agriculture, 38040, Faisalabad, Pakistan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Iqbal Zafar Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, 38040, Faisalabad, Pakistan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Muhammad Ghulam Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, 38040, Faisalabad, Pakistan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Nisa Mahrun Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, University of Agriculture, 38040, Faisalabad, Pakistan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Shahzad Aasif Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, University of Agriculture, 38040, Faisalabad, Pakistan aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Parasitology Research Springer-Verlag 109/6(2011-12-01), 1483-1500 0932-0113 109:6<1483 2011 109 436 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer