caa a22 4500 445343095 CHVBK 20180317142820.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00436-010-2176-4 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00436-010-2176-4 Immunization against leishmaniasis by PLGA nanospheres encapsulated with autoclaved Leishmania major (ALM) and CpG-ODN [Elektronische Daten] [Mohsen Tafaghodi, Ali Khamesipour, Mahmoud Jaafari] Various adjuvants and delivery systems have been evaluated for increasing the protective immune responses against leishmaniasis and mostly have been shown not to be effective enough. In this study, poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanospheres as an antigen delivery system and CpG-ODN as an immunoadjuvant have been used for the first time to enhance the immune response against autoclaved Leishmania major (ALM). PLGA nanospheres were prepared by a double-emulsion (W/O/W) technique. Particulate characteristics were studied by scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. Mean diameter of ALM + CpG-ODN-loaded nanospheres was 300 ± 128nm. BALB/c mice were immunized three times in 3-week intervals using ALM plus CpG-ODN-loaded nanospheres [(ALM + CpG-ODN)PLGA], ALM encapsulated PLGA nanospheres [(ALM)PLGA], (ALM)PLGA + CpG, ALM + CpG, ALM alone, or phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The intensity of infection induced by L. major challenge was assessed by measuring size of footpad swelling. The strongest protection, showed by significantly (P < 0.05) smaller footpad, was observed in mice immunized with (ALM + CpG-ODN)PLGA. The (ALM)PLGA, (ALM)PLGA + CpG, and ALM + CpG were also showed a significantly (P < 0.05) smaller footpad swelling compared to the groups received either PBS or ALM alone. The mice immunized with (ALM + CpG-ODN)PLGA, (ALM)PLGA + CpG, and ALM + CpG showed the highest IgG2a/IgG1 ratio, interferon-γ production, and lowest interleukin-4 production compared to the other groups. It is concluded that when both PLGA nanospheres and CpG-ODN adjuvants were used simultaneously, it induce stronger immune response and enhance protection rate against Leishmania infection. Springer-Verlag, 2010 Tafaghodi Mohsen Nanotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran aut Khamesipour Ali Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran aut Jaafari Mahmoud Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran aut Parasitology Research Springer-Verlag 108/5(2011-05-01), 1265-1273 0932-0113 108:5<1265 2011 108 436 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-2176-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-2176-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tafaghodi Mohsen Nanotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Khamesipour Ali Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Jaafari Mahmoud Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Parasitology Research Springer-Verlag 108/5(2011-05-01), 1265-1273 0932-0113 108:5<1265 2011 108 436 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer