caa a22 4500 445346892 CHVBK 20180317142831.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20111201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11207-011-9921-4 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11207-011-9921-4 The Whole Heliosphere Interval in the Context of a Long and Structured Solar Minimum: An Overview from Sun to Earth [Elektronische Daten] [S. Gibson, G. de Toma, B. Emery, P. Riley, L. Zhao, Y. Elsworth, R. Leamon, J. Lei, S. McIntosh, R. Mewaldt, B. Thompson, D. Webb] Throughout months of extremely low solar activity during the recent extended solar-cycle minimum, structural evolution continued to be observed from the Sun through the solar wind and to the Earth. In 2008, the presence of long-lived and large low-latitude coronal holes meant that geospace was periodically impacted by high-speed streams, even though solar irradiance, activity, and interplanetary magnetic fields had reached levels as low as, or lower than, observed in past minima. This time period, which includes the first Whole Heliosphere Interval (WHI1: Carrington Rotation (CR) 2068), illustrates the effects of fast solar-wind streams on the Earth in an otherwise quiet heliosphere. By the end of 2008, sunspots and solar irradiance had reached their lowest levels for this minimum (e.g., WHI2: CR 2078), and continued solar magnetic-flux evolution had led to a flattening of the heliospheric current sheet and the decay of the low-latitude coronal holes and associated Earth-intersecting high-speed solar-wind streams. As the new solar cycle slowly began, solar-wind and geospace observables stayed low or continued to decline, reaching very low levels by June - July 2009. At this point (e.g., WHI3: CR 2085) the Sun-Earth system, taken as a whole, was at its quietest. In this article we present an overview of observations that span the period 2008 - 2009, with highlighted discussion of CRs 2068, 2078, and 2085. We show side-by-side observables from the Sun's interior through its surface and atmosphere, through the solar wind and heliosphere and to the Earth's space environment and upper atmosphere, and reference detailed studies of these various regimes within this topical issue and elsewhere. The Author(s), 2011 Gibson S. NCAR/HAO, Boulder, CO, USA aut de Toma G. NCAR/HAO, Boulder, CO, USA aut Emery B. NCAR/HAO, Boulder, CO, USA aut Riley P. Predictive Science Inc., San Diego, CA, USA aut Zhao L. NCAR/HAO, Boulder, CO, USA aut Elsworth Y. University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK aut Leamon R. Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA aut Lei J. University of Science and Technology of China, Beijing, China aut McIntosh S. NCAR/HAO, Boulder, CO, USA aut Mewaldt R. California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA aut Thompson B. NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, USA aut Webb D. Boston College, Boston, MA, USA aut Solar Physics Springer Netherlands 274/1-2(2011-12-01), 5-27 0038-0938 274:1-2<5 2011 274 11207 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-011-9921-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-011-9921-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Gibson S. NCAR/HAO, Boulder, CO, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- de Toma G. NCAR/HAO, Boulder, CO, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Emery B. NCAR/HAO, Boulder, CO, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Riley P. Predictive Science Inc., San Diego, CA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zhao L. NCAR/HAO, Boulder, CO, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Elsworth Y. University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Leamon R. Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lei J. University of Science and Technology of China, Beijing, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- McIntosh S. NCAR/HAO, Boulder, CO, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mewaldt R. California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Thompson B. NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Webb D. Boston College, Boston, MA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Solar Physics Springer Netherlands 274/1-2(2011-12-01), 5-27 0038-0938 274:1-2<5 2011 274 11207 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer