caa a22 4500 445350024 CHVBK 20180317142841.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20111201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11192-011-0473-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11192-011-0473-z Messinis George Centre for Strategic Economic Studies, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia aut Triadic citations, country biases and patent value: the case of pharmaceuticals [Elektronische Daten] [George Messinis] Triadic patents minimise home bias effects in studies that focus on patent counts as a measure of innovative activity. Yet, biases in qualitative patent indicators have been largely neglected. This article advocates that forward patent citations, and triadic citations in particular, can illuminate further on home bias, self citations, and the speed of knowledge flows for drug patents published by the USPTO for the period 1980-2008. The evidence shows that triadic citations help to minimize the home bias in citations as well as to make patent quality more transparent. Also, it indicates that self citations and the age distribution of citations are important factors to consider when explaining cross-country differences in pharmaceutical citations. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary, 2011 Patents nationallicence Triadic citations nationallicence Self-citations nationallicence Pharmaceuticals nationallicence OECD countries nationallicence Biases nationallicence Scientometrics Springer Netherlands 89/3(2011-12-01), 813-833 0138-9130 89:3<813 2011 89 11192 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-011-0473-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-011-0473-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Messinis George Centre for Strategic Economic Studies, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Scientometrics Springer Netherlands 89/3(2011-12-01), 813-833 0138-9130 89:3<813 2011 89 11192 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer