caa a22 4500 445350636 CHVBK 20180317142842.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20111001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00221-011-2852-3 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00221-011-2852-3 Imitation of hand and tool actions is effector-independent [Elektronische Daten] [M. van Elk, H. van Schie, H. Bekkering] Following the theoretical notion that tools often extend one's body, in the present study, we investigated whether imitation of hand or tool actions is modulated by effector-specific information. Subjects performed grasping actions toward an object with either a handheld tool or their right hand. Actions were initiated in response to pictures representing a grip at an object that could be congruent or incongruent with the required action (grip-type congruency). Importantly, actions could be cued by means of a tool cue, a hand cue, and a symbolic cue (effector-type congruency). For both hand and tool actions, an action congruency effect was observed, reflected in faster reaction times if the observed grip type was congruent with the required movement. However, neither hand actions nor tool actions were differentially affected by the effector represented in the picture (i.e., when performing a tool action, the action congruency effect was similar for tool cues and hand cues). This finding suggests that imitation of hand and tool actions is effector-independent and thereby supports generalist rather than specialist theories of imitation. The Author(s), 2011 Tools nationallicence Imitation nationallicence Action observation nationallicence Body schema nationallicence Action congruency effect nationallicence van Elk M. Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 19, AI 2101, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland aut van Schie H. Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands aut Bekkering H. Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands aut Experimental Brain Research Springer-Verlag 214/4(2011-10-01), 539-547 0014-4819 214:4<539 2011 214 221 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-011-2852-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-011-2852-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- van Elk M. Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 19, AI 2101, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- van Schie H. Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bekkering H. Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Experimental Brain Research Springer-Verlag 214/4(2011-10-01), 539-547 0014-4819 214:4<539 2011 214 221 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer