caa a22 4500 445351764 CHVBK 20180317142846.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00221-011-2646-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00221-011-2646-7 Deliberate utilization of interaction torques brakes elbow extension in a fast throwing motion [Elektronische Daten] [Jon Hore, Derek Debicki, Paul Gribble, Sherry Watts] We tested the hypothesis that in fast arm movements the CNS deliberately utilizes interaction torques to decelerate (brake) joint rotations. Twelve subjects performed fast 2-D overarm throws in which large elbow extension velocities occurred. Joint motions were computed from recordings made with search coils; joint torques were calculated using inverse dynamics. After ball release, a large follow-through shoulder extension acceleration occurred that was initiated by shoulder extensor muscle torque. This shoulder acceleration produced a flexor interaction torque at the elbow that initiated elbow deceleration (braking). An instantaneous mechanical interaction of passive torques then occurred between elbow and shoulder, i.e., elbow extension deceleration produced a large shoulder extensor interaction torque that contributed to the shoulder extension acceleration which, simultaneously, produced a large elbow flexor interaction torque that contributed to elbow extension deceleration, and so on. Late elbow flexor muscle torque also contributed to elbow deceleration. The interaction of passive torques between shoulder and elbow was braked by shoulder flexor muscle torque. In this mechanism, shoulder musculature contributed to braking elbow extension in two ways: shoulder extensors initiated the mechanical interaction of passive torques between shoulder and elbow and shoulder flexors dissipated kinetic energy from elbow braking. It is concluded that, in fast 2-D throws, the CNS deliberately utilizes powerful interaction torques between shoulder and elbow to brake motion at the elbow. Springer-Verlag, 2011 Interaction torque nationallicence Overarm throwing nationallicence Human nationallicence Mechanical interaction nationallicence Leading joint hypothesis nationallicence Hore Jon Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Medical Sciences Building, N6A 5C1, London, ON, Canada aut Debicki Derek Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Medical Sciences Building, N6A 5C1, London, ON, Canada aut Gribble Paul Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Medical Sciences Building, N6A 5C1, London, ON, Canada aut Watts Sherry Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Medical Sciences Building, N6A 5C1, London, ON, Canada aut Experimental Brain Research Springer-Verlag 211/1(2011-05-01), 63-72 0014-4819 211:1<63 2011 211 221 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-011-2646-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-011-2646-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hore Jon Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Medical Sciences Building, N6A 5C1, London, ON, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Debicki Derek Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Medical Sciences Building, N6A 5C1, London, ON, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Gribble Paul Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Medical Sciences Building, N6A 5C1, London, ON, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Watts Sherry Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Medical Sciences Building, N6A 5C1, London, ON, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Experimental Brain Research Springer-Verlag 211/1(2011-05-01), 63-72 0014-4819 211:1<63 2011 211 221 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer