caa a22 4500 445351861 CHVBK 20180317142846.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00221-011-2682-3 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00221-011-2682-3 Modulation of short intra-cortical inhibition during action reprogramming [Elektronische Daten] [Franz-Xaver Neubert, Rogier Mars, Etienne Olivier, Matthew Rushworth] Actions are selected in the context of environmental demands and internal goals. Since both change continuously it is often necessary to inhibit a prepared action plan in favour of an alternative, a process we refer to as action reprogramming. Previous studies have established that a frontal/basal ganglia network exerts top-down control over the primary motor cortex (M1) during action reprogramming. The current study focuses on the role of M1 itself during action reprogramming. Participants were asked to perform a behavioural task that required them to either execute a prepared response or to reprogram an alternative response. Paired-pulse TMS was used to investigate short-interval intra-cortical inhibition (SICI) during these action execution and action reprogramming trials. Normal action execution was associated with sustained SICI in the M1 during both trials in which the contralateral hand was to respond and trials in which the ipsilateral hand was to respond. In contrast, reprogramming towards an alternative action was associated with a progressive release of SICI in M1 involved in the execution of the novel response. This release started 125ms after the cue telling the participants to reprogram their action. This time point is consistent with previous results showing a facilitatory influence of the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) on the M1 at the same delay. Hence, SICI might be a potential candidate mechanism through which frontal lobe areas could influence primary motor cortex output. Springer-Verlag, 2011 SICI nationallicence Cognitive control nationallicence Action reprogramming nationallicence Inhibition nationallicence TMS nationallicence Neubert Franz-Xaver Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, OX1 3UD, Oxford, UK aut Mars Rogier Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, OX1 3UD, Oxford, UK aut Olivier Etienne Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, OX1 3UD, Oxford, UK aut Rushworth Matthew Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, OX1 3UD, Oxford, UK aut Experimental Brain Research Springer-Verlag 211/2(2011-06-01), 265-276 0014-4819 211:2<265 2011 211 221 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-011-2682-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-011-2682-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Neubert Franz-Xaver Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, OX1 3UD, Oxford, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mars Rogier Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, OX1 3UD, Oxford, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Olivier Etienne Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, OX1 3UD, Oxford, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rushworth Matthew Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, OX1 3UD, Oxford, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Experimental Brain Research Springer-Verlag 211/2(2011-06-01), 265-276 0014-4819 211:2<265 2011 211 221 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer