caa a22 4500 44535190X CHVBK 20180317142846.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00221-011-2687-y doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00221-011-2687-y Multi-frequency arm cycling reveals bilateral locomotor coupling to increase movement symmetry [Elektronische Daten] [Erin Vasudevan, E. Zehr] Upright stance has allowed for substantial flexibility in how the upper limbs interact with each other: the arms can be coordinated in alternating, synchronous, or asymmetric patterns. While synchronization is thought to be the default mode of coordination during bimanual movement, there is little evidence for any bilateral coupling during locomotor-like arm cycling movements. Multi-frequency tasks have been used to reveal bilateral coupling during bimanual movements, thus here we used a multi-frequency task to determine whether the arms are coupled during arm cycling. It was hypothesized that bilateral coupling would be revealed as changes in background EMG and cutaneous reflexes when temporal coordination was altered. Twelve subjects performed arm cycling at 1 and 2Hz with one arm while the contralateral arm was either at rest, cycling at the same frequency, or cycling at a different frequency (i.e., multi-frequency cycling with one arm at 1Hz and the other at 2Hz). To evoke reflexes, the superficial radial nerve was stimulated at the wrist. EMG was collected continuously from muscles of both arms. Results showed that background EMG in the lower frequency arm was amplified while reflex amplitudes were unaltered during multi-frequency cycling. We propose that neural coupling between the arms aids in equalizing muscle activity during asymmetric tasks to permit stable movement. Conversely, such interactions between the arms would likely be unnecessary in determining a reflexive response to a perturbation of one arm. Therefore, bilateral coupling was expressed when it was relevant to symmetry. Springer-Verlag, 2011 Interlimb coordination nationallicence Central pattern generators nationallicence Locomotion nationallicence Arms nationallicence Bilateral coupling nationallicence Cutaneous reflexes nationallicence Vasudevan Erin Motor Learning Laboratory, Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Albert Einstein Healthcare Network, 50 Township Line Road, Elkins Park, PA, USA aut Zehr E. Rehabilitation Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada aut Experimental Brain Research Springer-Verlag 211/2(2011-06-01), 299-312 0014-4819 211:2<299 2011 211 221 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-011-2687-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-011-2687-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Vasudevan Erin Motor Learning Laboratory, Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Albert Einstein Healthcare Network, 50 Township Line Road, Elkins Park, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zehr E. Rehabilitation Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Experimental Brain Research Springer-Verlag 211/2(2011-06-01), 299-312 0014-4819 211:2<299 2011 211 221 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer