caa a22 4500 445352485 CHVBK 20180317142848.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00221-011-2800-2 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00221-011-2800-2 Low-frequency sinusoidal galvanic stimulation of the left and right vestibular nerves reveals two peaks of modulation in muscle sympathetic nerve activity [Elektronische Daten] [Elie Hammam, Cheree James, Tye Dawood, Vaughan Macefield] Studies previously performed in our laboratory have shown that sinusoidal galvanic vestibular stimulation (sGVS), a means of selectively modulating vestibular input without affecting other inputs, can cause partial entrainment of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) at frequencies ranging from 0.2 to 2.0Hz. Here we test the effect of sGVS on sympathetic outflow when stimulating the vestibular system at lower frequencies. MSNA was recorded via tungsten microelectrodes inserted into the left common peroneal nerve in 12 awake, seated subjects. Bipolar binaural sinusoidal GVS (±2mA, 100 cycles) was applied to the mastoid processes at 0.08, 0.13 and 0.18Hz. Cross-correlation analysis revealed two bursts of modulation of MSNA for each cycle of stimulation. We believe the primary peak is related to the positive phase of the sinusoid, in which the right vestibular nerve is hyperpolarised and the left vestibular nerve depolarised. Furthermore, we believe the secondary peak is related to the negative phase of the sinusoid (depolarisation of the right vestibular nerve and hyperpolarisation of the left vestibular nerve). This was never observed at higher frequencies of stimulation, presumably because at such frequencies there is insufficient time for a second peak to be expressed. The incidence of double peaks of MSNA was highest at 0.08Hz and lowest at 0.18Hz. These observations emphasise the role of the vestibular apparatus in the control of blood pressure, and further suggest convergence of bilateral inputs from vestibular nuclei onto the output nuclei from which MSNA originates, the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Springer-Verlag, 2011 Vestibular nationallicence Sympathetic nationallicence Blood pressure nationallicence Vestibulosympathetic reflexes nationallicence Human nationallicence Microneurography nationallicence MSNA nationallicence Hammam Elie School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, 2751, Sydney, NSW, Australia aut James Cheree School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, 2751, Sydney, NSW, Australia aut Dawood Tye School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, 2751, Sydney, NSW, Australia aut Macefield Vaughan School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, 2751, Sydney, NSW, Australia aut Experimental Brain Research Springer-Verlag 213/4(2011-09-01), 507-514 0014-4819 213:4<507 2011 213 221 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-011-2800-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-011-2800-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hammam Elie School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, 2751, Sydney, NSW, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- James Cheree School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, 2751, Sydney, NSW, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Dawood Tye School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, 2751, Sydney, NSW, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Macefield Vaughan School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, 2751, Sydney, NSW, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Experimental Brain Research Springer-Verlag 213/4(2011-09-01), 507-514 0014-4819 213:4<507 2011 213 221 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer