caa a22 4500 445352558 CHVBK 20180317142848.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20111201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00221-011-2896-4 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00221-011-2896-4 Human vision with a lesion of the parvocellular pathway: an optic neuritis model for selective contrast sensitivity deficits with severe loss of midget ganglion cell function [Elektronische Daten] [Amal Al-Hashmi, Daniel Kramer, Kathy Mullen] Achromatic visual function in primates is distributed between two pathways from retina to cortex, the parvocellular and the magnocellular. The relative contribution of these to human achromatic vision is controversial and largely unknown. Here, we use an optic neuritis (ON) model to investigate the effects of a severe loss of parvocellular function on human contrast sensitivity. In our first experiment, we use Gabor stimuli (0.5cpd, 2Hz) to show that, compared to normal control eyes, ON causes selective deficits in the two chromatic, cone opponent pathways, with L/M cone opponency affected more than S cone opponency, and a relative sparing of achromatic function. Since L/M cone opponency is carried exclusively by the midget ganglion cells of the parvocellular pathway, this demonstrates a selective deficit of parvocellular function. In a second experiment, we report on two subjects who have lost all L/M cone opponent response in both eyes, indicating a severe loss of parvocellular function. We measure the spatial and temporal contrast sensitivity functions of their remaining achromatic vision, compared with a normal control group, to determine the selectivity of the visual deficit caused by the differential parvocellular loss, and assess the relative contributions of the parvocellular and magnocellular pathways to achromatic contrast sensitivity. We find that parvocellular function contributes selectively at mid- to high spatial frequencies (at low temporal frequencies), whereas magnocellular function determines contrast sensitivity over a very broad temporal frequency range (at low spatial frequencies). Our data bear a striking resemblance to results obtained from primate parvocellular lesions. Springer-Verlag, 2011 Parvocellular nationallicence Magnocellular nationallicence Optic neuritis nationallicence Contrast sensitivity nationallicence Color vision nationallicence L/M cone opponency nationallicence Spatial frequency nationallicence Temporal frequency nationallicence Retina nationallicence LGN nationallicence ON : Optic neuritis nationallicence MS : Multiple sclerosis nationallicence L, M and S cones : Long, medium and short wavelength sensitive cones nationallicence P-cells : Parvocellular cells nationallicence M-Cells : Magnocellular cells nationallicence K-cells : Koniocellular cells nationallicence LGN : Lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus nationallicence Ach : Achromatic nationallicence RG : Red-Green nationallicence BY : Blue-Yellow nationallicence CPD : Cycles per degree nationallicence AE : Affected eye nationallicence FE : Unaffected fellow eye nationallicence NC : Normal controls nationallicence Al-Hashmi Amal McGill Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology H4.14, McGill University, 687 Pine Ave West, H3A 1A1, Montreal, QC, Canada aut Kramer Daniel McGill Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology H4.14, McGill University, 687 Pine Ave West, H3A 1A1, Montreal, QC, Canada aut Mullen Kathy McGill Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology H4.14, McGill University, 687 Pine Ave West, H3A 1A1, Montreal, QC, Canada aut Experimental Brain Research Springer-Verlag 215/3-4(2011-12-01), 293-305 0014-4819 215:3-4<293 2011 215 221 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-011-2896-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-011-2896-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Al-Hashmi Amal McGill Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology H4.14, McGill University, 687 Pine Ave West, H3A 1A1, Montreal, QC, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kramer Daniel McGill Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology H4.14, McGill University, 687 Pine Ave West, H3A 1A1, Montreal, QC, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mullen Kathy McGill Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology H4.14, McGill University, 687 Pine Ave West, H3A 1A1, Montreal, QC, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Experimental Brain Research Springer-Verlag 215/3-4(2011-12-01), 293-305 0014-4819 215:3-4<293 2011 215 221 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer