caa a22 4500 44535285X CHVBK 20180317142850.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00221-010-2514-x doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00221-010-2514-x Unconstrained three-dimensional reaching in Rhesus monkeys [Elektronische Daten] [Devin Jindrich, Gregoire Courtine, James Liu, Heather McKay, Rod Moseanko, Timothy Bernot, Roland Roy, Hui Zhong, Mark Tuszynski, V. Reggie Edgerton] To better understand normative behavior for quantitative evaluation of motor recovery after injury, we studied arm movements by non-injured Rhesus monkeys during a food-retrieval task. While seated, monkeys reached, grasped, and retrieved food items. We recorded three-dimensional kinematics and muscle activity, and used inverse dynamics to calculate joint moments due to gravity, segmental interactions, and to the muscles and tissues of the arm. Endpoint paths showed curvature in three dimensions, suggesting that maintaining straight paths was not an important constraint. Joint moments were dominated by gravity. Generalized muscle and interaction moments were less than half of the gravitational moments. The relationships between shoulder and elbow resultant moments were linear during both reach and retrieval. Although both reach and retrieval required elbow flexor moments, an elbow extensor (triceps brachii) was active during both phases. Antagonistic muscles of both the elbow and hand were co-activated during reach and retrieval. Joint behavior could be described by lumped-parameter models analogous to torsional springs at the joints. Minor alterations to joint quasi-stiffness properties, aided by interaction moments, result in reciprocal movements that evolve under the influence of gravity. The strategies identified in monkeys to reach, grasp, and retrieve items will allow the quantification of prehension during recovery after a spinal cord injury and the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. The Author(s), 2010 Upper limb nationallicence Prehension nationallicence Multi-joint nationallicence Reach-to-grasp nationallicence Kinematics nationallicence Dynamics nationallicence Muscle nationallicence Electromyography nationallicence EMG nationallicence Jindrich Devin School of Life Sciences, Center for Adaptive Neural Systems, 427 E. Tyler Mall; LSE 216, Arizona State University, 85287-4501, Tempe, AZ, USA aut Courtine Gregoire Experimental Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Universitat Zurich, August Forel-Strasse 7, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland aut Liu James Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA aut McKay Heather California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA aut Moseanko Rod California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA aut Bernot Timothy California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA aut Roy Roland Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA aut Zhong Hui Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA aut Tuszynski Mark Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA aut Reggie Edgerton V. Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA aut Experimental Brain Research Springer-Verlag 209/1(2011-03-01), 35-50 0014-4819 209:1<35 2011 209 221 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-010-2514-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-010-2514-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Jindrich Devin School of Life Sciences, Center for Adaptive Neural Systems, 427 E. Tyler Mall; LSE 216, Arizona State University, 85287-4501, Tempe, AZ, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Courtine Gregoire Experimental Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Universitat Zurich, August Forel-Strasse 7, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Liu James Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- McKay Heather California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Moseanko Rod California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bernot Timothy California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Roy Roland Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zhong Hui Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tuszynski Mark Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Reggie Edgerton V. Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Experimental Brain Research Springer-Verlag 209/1(2011-03-01), 35-50 0014-4819 209:1<35 2011 209 221 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer