caa a22 4500 445353198 CHVBK 20180317142851.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00221-011-2583-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00221-011-2583-5 Motivation and movement: the effect of monetary incentive on performance speed [Elektronische Daten] [Pablo Mir, Iris Trender-Gerhard, Mark Edwards, Susanne Schneider, Kailash Bhatia, Marjan Jahanshahi] From observation of human behavior, we know that speed of movement initiation and execution can be influenced by motivational factors, for example we walk faster when in a hurry (sense of urgency) or write faster during an exam (potential reward of good results). However, there is scant experimental evidence for the motivational modulation of movement in man. Experiments in non-human primates have demonstrated shortening of reaction times in response to reward. However, it is not clear how reward might affect performance of reaction time (RT) tasks in humans, and specifically whether warned and unwarned simple and uncued and precued choice RTs are similarly or differentially affected by reward. The effect of monetary incentive on total time (TT, (RT+MT)) was assessed in 16 healthy participants using four paradigms: warned simple RT (wSRT), unwarned simple RT (uSRT), uncued choice RT (uCRT), and precued choice RT (pCRT). wSRT, uSRT, and pCRT tasks all allow advance preparation and preprogramming of the movement, whereas uCRT does not. We found a significant effect of monetary incentive in shortening TTs in wSRT, uSRT, and pCRT tasks, but no effect on the uCRT task. These results demonstrate that monetary incentive can speed up movement initiation and execution in human participants, but only in tasks where preprogramming of the response is possible. This suggests that in reaction time tasks such as these, monetary incentive is having its effect by enhancing preparation of preprogrammed movement, but has little effect when movements cannot be specified in advance. These "RT and reward” tasks provide a useful paradigm for investigation into the effects of monetary incentive on reaction times in man and to study motivational modulation of movement speed in health and disease. Springer-Verlag, 2011 Reward nationallicence Reaction time nationallicence Movement preparation nationallicence Monetary incentive nationallicence Motivation nationallicence Mir Pablo Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK aut Trender-Gerhard Iris Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK aut Edwards Mark Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK aut Schneider Susanne Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK aut Bhatia Kailash Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK aut Jahanshahi Marjan Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK aut Experimental Brain Research Springer-Verlag 209/4(2011-04-01), 551-559 0014-4819 209:4<551 2011 209 221 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-011-2583-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-011-2583-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mir Pablo Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Trender-Gerhard Iris Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Edwards Mark Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Schneider Susanne Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bhatia Kailash Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Jahanshahi Marjan Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Experimental Brain Research Springer-Verlag 209/4(2011-04-01), 551-559 0014-4819 209:4<551 2011 209 221 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer