caa a22 4500 445355441 CHVBK 20180317142858.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10072-010-0458-3 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10072-010-0458-3 Chronic cerebro-spinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) and multiple sclerosis [Elektronische Daten] [A. Ghezzi, G. Comi, A. Federico] Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS caused by the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. In the last years, it has been suggested that an abnormal venous drainage due to stenosis or malformation of the internal jugular and/or azygous veins may play a major pathogenetic role in MS. This abnormality called chronic cerebro-spinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) could result in increased permeability of blood brain barrier, local iron deposition and secondary multifocal inflammation. In the present paper, literature data in favour and against this hypothesis are reported. A great variability of CCSVI has been found in both MS patients (ranging from 0 to 100%) and in control subjects (from 0 to 23%). This large variability is explained by methodological aspects, problems in assessing CCSVI, and differences among clinical series. It is urgent to perform appropriate epidemiological studies to define the possible relationship between CCSVI and MS. Springer-Verlag, 2010 Multiple sclerosis nationallicence CCSVI nationallicence Doppler sonography nationallicence Extracranial venous stenosis nationallicence MRI nationallicence Ghezzi A. Centro Studi Sclerosi Multipla, Ospedale di Gallarate, Coordinator of Multiple Sclerosis Study Group, Italian Society of Neurology, Gallarate, Italy aut Comi G. Dipartimento di Neurologia, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Elected President of Italian Society of Neurology, Milano, Italy aut Federico A. Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Neurochirurgiche e del Comportamento, Università degli Studi di Siena, President of Italian Society of Neurology, Siena, Italy aut Neurological Sciences Springer Milan 32/1(2011-02-01), 17-21 1590-1874 32:1<17 2011 32 10072 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-010-0458-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-010-0458-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ghezzi A. Centro Studi Sclerosi Multipla, Ospedale di Gallarate, Coordinator of Multiple Sclerosis Study Group, Italian Society of Neurology, Gallarate, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Comi G. Dipartimento di Neurologia, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Elected President of Italian Society of Neurology, Milano, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Federico A. Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Neurochirurgiche e del Comportamento, Università degli Studi di Siena, President of Italian Society of Neurology, Siena, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Neurological Sciences Springer Milan 32/1(2011-02-01), 17-21 1590-1874 32:1<17 2011 32 10072 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer