caa a22 4500 445359048 CHVBK 20180317142909.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110701xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00334-011-0292-4 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00334-011-0292-4 Two millennia of changes in human ecology: archaeobotanical and invertebrate records from the lower Ica valley, south coast Peru [Elektronische Daten] [David Beresford-Jones, Oliver Whaley, Carmela Ledesma, Lauren Cadwallader] This paper presents archaeobotanical and invertebrate evidence from the flotation and analyses of 46 archaeological contexts from six middens from the Samaca and Ullujaya basins, lower Ica Valley, south coast of Peru. This is part of one of the world's driest deserts and organic remains can enjoy extraordinary preservation in its hyperarid climate. Each of these contexts represents snapshots with which to piece together a picture of changing human ecology in the lower Ica Valley over nearly two millennia, from Ocucaje Phases 3/4 of the Early Horizon (c. 750 b.c.); through to Early Nasca Phases 2/3 (c. a.d. 100-450); Late Nasca Phases 6/7 (c. a.d. 450-600) and Middle Horizon Epoch 2 (c. a.d. 900). They also offer proxy evidence of wider ecological changes in these basins. Read together with geoarchaeological and pollen data, the archaeobotanical data we present show a gradual intensification of agriculture from small-scale Early Ocucaje societies subsisting mainly on gathered marine and terrestrial resources, through to sophisticated irrigation agriculture by Nasca times, but culminating in a collapse of agricultural production and a return to the gathering of wild marine and plant resources much later, during the Middle Horizon. This trajectory of human ecology is consistent with the model presented elsewhere of a gradual removal of Prosopis dominated riparian woodland for the purpose of increasing agricultural production, which in time exposed the landscape of the lower Ica Valley to high-energy, episodic flood events and of one of the world's strongest and most persistent wind regimes. Springer-Verlag, 2011 South coast Peru nationallicence Ocucaje nationallicence Nasca nationallicence Middle Horizon nationallicence Archaeobotany nationallicence Invertebrates nationallicence Cotton nationallicence Coca nationallicence Maize nationallicence Prosopis nationallicence Beresford-Jones David McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing St, CB2 3ER, Cambridge, UK aut Whaley Oliver The Herbarium, Royal Botanical Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, Surrey, UK aut Ledesma Carmela Instituto de Investigaciones Andinas Punku, Calle Los Molles 131 Urbanización Alto de Los Ficus Santa Anita, Lima, Peru aut Cadwallader Lauren McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing St, CB2 3ER, Cambridge, UK aut Vegetation History and Archaeobotany Springer-Verlag 20/4(2011-07-01), 273-292 0939-6314 20:4<273 2011 20 334 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-011-0292-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-011-0292-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Beresford-Jones David McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing St, CB2 3ER, Cambridge, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Whaley Oliver The Herbarium, Royal Botanical Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, Surrey, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ledesma Carmela Instituto de Investigaciones Andinas Punku, Calle Los Molles 131 Urbanización Alto de Los Ficus Santa Anita, Lima, Peru aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cadwallader Lauren McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing St, CB2 3ER, Cambridge, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Vegetation History and Archaeobotany Springer-Verlag 20/4(2011-07-01), 273-292 0939-6314 20:4<273 2011 20 334 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer