caa a22 4500 445359226 CHVBK 20180317142910.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00334-011-0283-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00334-011-0283-5 Grabowski Radoslaw Environmental Archaeology Laboratory, Department of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studies, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden aut Changes in cereal cultivation during the Iron Age in southern Sweden: a compilation and interpretation of the archaeobotanical material [Elektronische Daten] [Radoslaw Grabowski] Macrofossil data from 73 sites dating to the south Swedish Iron Age (500 b.c.-a.d. 1100) have been compiled and analyzed in order to elucidate long term changes in cereal cultivation. The analyses indicate that "permanent field” agriculture was established at the end of the Bronze Age utilizing Hordeum vulgare var vulgare as a primary crop and Triticum aestivum ssp vulgare/compactum, Triticum spelta/dicoccum/monococcum, Avena sativa and Secale cereale as secondary crops. An observed change towards the end of Roman Iron Age (1-a.d. 400) is the expansion of Secale cereale and Avena sativa cultivation. Evidence also suggests that winter sowing of the former commenced at the latest during the eighth, ninth and tenth centuries a.d. The introduction of winter sowing possibly coincided with the establishment of crop rotation agriculture. During most of the Iron Age southern Sweden displays significant regional variations with regards to cereal cultivation practice. There is however evidence that a more homogenous agriculture appeared across the investigated area from the beginning of the Viking Age (a.d. 800-1100) onwards. Springer-Verlag, 2011 Southern Sweden nationallicence Iron Age nationallicence Cereal cultivation nationallicence Regional compilation nationallicence Plant macrofossil material nationallicence Vegetation History and Archaeobotany Springer-Verlag 20/5(2011-09-01), 479-494 0939-6314 20:5<479 2011 20 334 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-011-0283-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-011-0283-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Grabowski Radoslaw Environmental Archaeology Laboratory, Department of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studies, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Vegetation History and Archaeobotany Springer-Verlag 20/5(2011-09-01), 479-494 0939-6314 20:5<479 2011 20 334 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence SWISSBIB 445359226 BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer