caa a22 4500 445362278 CHVBK 20180317142918.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10963-011-9051-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10963-011-9051-9 The Secondary Products Revolution, Horse-Riding, and Mounted Warfare [Elektronische Daten] [David Anthony, Dorcas Brown] Andrew Sherratt included horseback riding and chariotry in his conception of the Secondary Products Revolution, but his emphasis on the role of horses in warfare and on a Near Eastern influence in the earliest episode of horse domestication is viewed here as as an important shortcoming in his understanding of the process of horse domestication. Current evidence indicates that horses were domesticated in the steppes of Kazakhstan and Russia, certainly by 3500 BC and possibly by 4500 BC. Tribal raiding on horseback could be almost that old, but organized cavalry appeared only after 1000 BC. Riding might initially have been more important for increasing the productivity and efficiency of sheep and cattle pastoralism in the western Eurasian steppes. The earliest (so far) direct evidence for riding consists of pathologies on the teeth and jaw associated with bitting, found at Botai and Kozhai 1. Recent developments and debates in the study of bit-related pathologies are reviewed and the reliability of bit wear as a diagnostic indicator of riding and driving is defended. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2011 Horse domestication nationallicence Bit wear nationallicence Horses in warfare nationallicence Anthony David Hartwick College, 13820, Oneonta, NY, USA aut Brown Dorcas Hartwick College, 13820, Oneonta, NY, USA aut Journal of World Prehistory Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 24/2-3(2011-09-01), 131-160 0892-7537 24:2-3<131 2011 24 10963 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10963-011-9051-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10963-011-9051-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Anthony David Hartwick College, 13820, Oneonta, NY, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Brown Dorcas Hartwick College, 13820, Oneonta, NY, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of World Prehistory Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 24/2-3(2011-09-01), 131-160 0892-7537 24:2-3<131 2011 24 10963 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer