caa a22 4500 445366788 CHVBK 20180317142933.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10909-011-0349-x doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10909-011-0349-x Einzel Dietrich Walther-Meissner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748, Garching, Germany aut 50 Years of Fluxoid Quantization: 2e or Not 2e [Elektronische Daten] [Dietrich Einzel] The year 2011 is quite remarkable because it allows us to celebrate not only the centennial of the discovery of superconductivity by Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes (The superconductivity of Mercury, Comm. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden, vols. 122, 124, 1911), but also the half-centennial of the discovery of what is referred to as fluxoid quantization in superconductors by Robert Doll and Martin Näbauer (Phys. Rev. Lett. 7:51, 1961; Z. Phys. 169:526, 1962), and, independently, by Bascom S.DeaverJr. and William Fairbank (Phys. Rev. Lett. 7:43, 1961; Ph.D. Thesis, Stanford University, 1962). The experimental proof of the quantization of magnetic flux (or more accurately fluxoid) in hollow superconducting cylinders actually supports two important theoretical concepts. The form of the fluxoid quantum, on the one hand, which contains twice the elementary charge, allows for the conclusion, that the superconducting ground state can be viewed as a condensate of electron pairs, as predicted by the BCS theory of superconductivity (Bardeen etal. in Phys. Rev. 106:162, 1957; Phys. Rev. 108:1175, 1957). It can be viewed, on the other hand, as a quantum phenomenon seen on macroscopic scales and thus supports the concept of the bosonic macroscopic wave function, here applied to the description of (quasi-bosonic) fermion pair condensates. This review is devoted to a discussion of the physics behind the Doll-Näbauer, Deaver-Fairbank discoveries and is intended to review historically the chain of events which motivated these talented experimentalists and which led to their independent discoveries at quite remote points of the earth. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2011 Journal of Low Temperature Physics Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 163/5-6(2011-06-01), 215-237 0022-2291 163:5-6<215 2011 163 10909 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-011-0349-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-011-0349-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Einzel Dietrich Walther-Meissner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748, Garching, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Low Temperature Physics Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 163/5-6(2011-06-01), 215-237 0022-2291 163:5-6<215 2011 163 10909 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer