caa a22 4500 445370483 CHVBK 20180317142944.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20111001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00340-011-4734-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00340-011-4734-6 Bose-Einstein condensation of paraxial light [Elektronische Daten] [J. Klaers, J. Schmitt, T. Damm, F. Vewinger, M. Weitz] Photons, due to the virtually vanishing photon-photon interaction, constitute to very good approximation an ideal Bose gas, but owing to the vanishing chemical potential a (free) photon gas does not show Bose-Einstein condensation. However, this is not necessarily true for a lower-dimensional photon gas. By means of a fluorescence induced thermalization process in an optical microcavity one can achieve a thermal photon gas with freely adjustable chemical potential. Experimentally, we have observed thermalization and subsequently Bose-Einstein condensation of the photon gas at room temperature. In this paper, we give a detailed description of the experiment, which is based on a dye-filled optical microcavity, acting as a white-wall box for photons. Thermalization is achieved in a photon number-conserving way by photon scattering off the dye molecules, and the cavity mirrors both provide an effective photon mass and a confining potential-key prerequisites for the Bose-Einstein condensation of photons. The experimental results are in good agreement with both a statistical and a simple rate equation model, describing the properties of the thermalized photon gas. Springer-Verlag, 2011 Klaers J. Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, 53115, Bonn, Germany aut Schmitt J. Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, 53115, Bonn, Germany aut Damm T. Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, 53115, Bonn, Germany aut Vewinger F. Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, 53115, Bonn, Germany aut Weitz M. Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, 53115, Bonn, Germany aut Applied Physics B Springer-Verlag 105/1(2011-10-01), 17-33 0946-2171 105:1<17 2011 105 340 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-011-4734-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-011-4734-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Klaers J. Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, 53115, Bonn, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Schmitt J. Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, 53115, Bonn, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Damm T. Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, 53115, Bonn, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Vewinger F. Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, 53115, Bonn, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Weitz M. Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, 53115, Bonn, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Applied Physics B Springer-Verlag 105/1(2011-10-01), 17-33 0946-2171 105:1<17 2011 105 340 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer