caa a22 4500 445372680 CHVBK 20180317142952.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00340-010-4165-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00340-010-4165-9 Werle P. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research IMK-IFU, Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany aut Accuracy and precision of laser spectrometers for trace gas sensing in the presence of optical fringes and atmospheric turbulence [Elektronische Daten] [P. Werle] Spectroscopic techniques are increasingly used for field laser applications in industry and research. Under field conditions complex gas sensors cannot be considered as stable and therefore drift characterization is a key issue to distinguish between sample data and sensor drift. In this paper the history of von Neumann's two-sample variance and Allan variance stability investigations in the field of frequency metrology and the relationship to wavelet analysis are reviewed. The concept has been used to characterize accuracy and precision of spectroscopic data in the time domain and practical guidelines for the interpretation of σ/τ plots are presented. Two topics relevant for spectroscopic measurements are discussed: First, the optical fringe effect, which is present in any spectrometer, limits the precision and accuracy of spectroscopic measurements by forming time dependent background structures superimposed to the signal under investigation. The two-sample variance is used to characterize optical etalons and long-term drift using σ/τ plots. Second, the short-term instrument stability characteristic in the presence of atmospheric turbulence is discussed. This is important for laser-based gas monitors measuring the turbulent transport of trace gases between the biosphere and the atmosphere using the eddy-covariance technique. It will be shown how the spectral characteristics of turbulence in the Kolmogorov inertial subrange can be identified in the time domain and how the effect of optical fringes can be separated from atmospheric signals. Springer-Verlag, 2010 Applied Physics B Springer-Verlag 102/2(2011-02-01), 313-329 0946-2171 102:2<313 2011 102 340 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-010-4165-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-010-4165-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Werle P. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research IMK-IFU, Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Applied Physics B Springer-Verlag 102/2(2011-02-01), 313-329 0946-2171 102:2<313 2011 102 340 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer