caa a22 4500 445374160 CHVBK 20180317142957.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20111001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00540-011-1193-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00540-011-1193-5 The role of Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists in the United States [Elektronische Daten] [Takashi Matsusaki, Tetsuro Sakai] Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs) have been providing anesthesia care in the United States (US) for nearly 150years. Historically, anesthesia care for surgical patients was mainly provided by trained nurses under the supervision of surgeons until the establishment of anesthesiology as a medical specialty in the US. Currently, all 50 US states utilize CRNAs to perform various kinds of anesthesia care, either under the medical supervision of anesthesiologists in most states, or independently without medical supervision in 16 states; the latter has become an on-going source of conflict between anesthesiologists and CRNAs. Understanding the history and current conditions of anesthesia practice in the US is crucial for countries in which the shortage of anesthesia care providers has become a national issue. Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists, 2011 Nurse anesthetists nationallicence United States nationallicence Anesthesia practice nationallicence Matsusaki Takashi Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Montefiore, N469.11, 200 Lothrop Street, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA aut Sakai Tetsuro Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Montefiore, N469.11, 200 Lothrop Street, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA aut Journal of Anesthesia Springer Japan 25/5(2011-10-01), 734-740 0913-8668 25:5<734 2011 25 540 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00540-011-1193-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00540-011-1193-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Matsusaki Takashi Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Montefiore, N469.11, 200 Lothrop Street, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sakai Tetsuro Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Montefiore, N469.11, 200 Lothrop Street, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Anesthesia Springer Japan 25/5(2011-10-01), 734-740 0913-8668 25:5<734 2011 25 540 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer